GAZ-M20 Pobeda
| Pobeda | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| GAZ-M20 | |
| Sales designation: | ГАЗ-М20 Победа |
| Production period: | 1946-1958 |
| Class : | upper middle class |
| Body versions : | limousine |
| Engines: |
Petrol engines : 2.1 liters (37-38 kW) |
| Length: | 4665 mm |
| Width: | 1695 mm |
| Height: | 1590 mm |
| Wheelbase : | 2700 mm |
| Empty weight : | 1350 kg |
| Previous model | GAZ-M1 |
| successor | GAZ M-21 Volga |
The GAZ-M20 Pobeda ( Russian ГАЗ-М20 Победа , German Sieg ) is a passenger car from the Soviet manufacturer GAZ ( Molotow-Werke ), which was developed in the 1940s. The robust model had a modern pontoon body and an SV four-cylinder engine.
Its design with an elegantly sloping rear followed the taste of the 1940s and was very similar to the American Chevrolet Fleetline Aerosedan. The project planning of the chassis and the drive components was based on the German Opel Kapitän from 1939, which was regarded as one of the most technically advanced cars at the time.
history
The Gorki automobile factory received the government contract to develop a new car in February 1943. The first designs by artist Valentin Brodski from 1943 show the new pontoon body . The design of the vehicle was the responsibility of the young designer and designer Wenjamin Samoilow .
Initially, the development ran under the project name GAZ-M25 with the working title “Rodina” (home), later the change to model number 20 followed. This resulted in the main inadequacy of the Pobeda, its underpowering. The predecessor GAZ-M1 already suffered from this .
The test vehicles differed from the series. For example, they had an externally recognizable three-part radiator grille and rear-opening rear doors (was later taken up again in the GAZ-12 ZIM ). Series production began on June 28, 1946. The name of the model was changed from “Rodina” to “Pobeda” in view of the victory of the Soviet Union in World War II. During the production of the first series, structural inadequacies occurred on the vehicles and in the production process. Never before had a car been produced in such high numbers in the Soviet Union. In 1948 production was stopped to remedy the deficiencies. In 1949, production of the modernized Pobeda was resumed; vehicles previously produced were recalled to the workshops and, in some cases, to the factory in order to remedy defects.
When production started, the Pobeda was a thoroughly modern vehicle, but later the lack of functionality of its body shape became apparent. For this reason the National Institute for Automobile Construction in the USSR developed a Pobeda with a notchback body as early as 1948 ; two prototypes were built. Other body variants were planned, such as a pick-up and a stretch limousine. A prototype was built by the latter, which in turn led to the development of the GAZ-12 ZIM ( Zawod imeni Molotowa , Molotow-Werk).
Also in 1948 it became apparent that the vehicle had significant technical defects on the front axle. To remedy this, all Pobeda were recalled. Production was stopped and all cars were repaired from October to November 1948. Only then did series production start again.
In 1950, the Pobeda received a new partially synchronized gearbox, with the steering wheel shift being abandoned. In 1955 a more extensive modernization of the car followed. In addition to numerous detail changes, it got a radiator grille adapted to the taste of the 1950s and a new carburetor (engine output now 52 hp). Work has been going on since 1951 on a successor to the Pobeda - working title GAZ-M-21 -, the Pobeda II. The name of the project was later changed to "Zvezda" (star) and then to " Volga ". Its production began in 1956. The Pobeda was manufactured in parallel until 1958.
Model variants and license productions
In addition to the standard sedan version, 14,220 convertibles were built. In addition, special versions were built ex works as a taxi and as a pickup. A total of 235,997 copies were made.
From 1955 to 1958, the GAZ-M20G was built in small series, which received the six-cylinder engine that had been planned before the war.
Also from 1955 to 1958, inter alia. 4677 GAZ-M72 four-wheel drive cars were built for the military . In principle, it was a GAZ-69 with a Pobeda body, which at the time was sensational for all-wheel-drive vehicles. The RAF-10 minibus, built from 1957 to 1959, uses the Pobeda's engine, transmission and chassis.
In the People's Republic of Poland , around 250,000 copies were produced under license under the name Warszawa between 1951 and 1973.
Other Pobeda were assembled in North Korea from delivered CKD sets , but there was no series production.
Technical specifications
For the GAZ-M20 Pobeda model.
- Engine: four-cylinder, four-stroke petrol engine
- Power: 50 HP (37 kW) at 3600 min -1
- Displacement: 2112 cm³
- Bore: 82 mm
- Stroke: 100 mm
- Compression: 6.2: 1
- Clutch: single-plate dry clutch
- Transmission: mechanical gearbox, 3 forward gears, 1 reverse gear
- Top speed: 105 km / h
- Body: self-supporting
- Tank capacity: 55 l
- Fuel consumption: 13.5 l / 100 km
- Drive formula : 4 × 2
- Electrical system
- Starter: ST-9, 1.7 HP
- Battery: 12 V, 50 Ah
- Alternator: type G20, 12 V
- Firing order: 1-2-4-3
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 4665 mm
- Width: 1695 mm
- Height: 1590 mm
- Front track: 1364 mm
- Rear track: 1362 mm
- Ground clearance: 200 mm
- Wheelbase: 2700 mm
- Turning circle: 12.6 m
- Empty weight, fueled: 1350 kg
The Pobeda's engine was used in several Soviet vehicles, for example in variants of the GAZ-12 ZIM as well as in the first series of the well-known GAZ-69 and in the first 2000 copies of the GAZ-M21 "Volga". This variant is now a sought-after collector's item. The engine can handle fuel with a knock resistance of around 66 octane.
The drag coefficient of the Pobeda was only 0.39 due to its streamlined shape, which corresponds to that of the Porsche Carrera GT of 2003, for example .
The price of a new GAZ-M20 Pobeda in the Soviet Union was 16,000 rubles .
The Pobeda was the first Soviet car with "little electric helpers", for example an interior fan. In the first models, up to three people could be seated at the front thanks to the steering wheel gearshift and continuous bench seat. The acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h took 45 seconds, but in city traffic the Pobeda could be moved lively because the engine was already pulling from low revs.
miscellaneous
A prototype called the Pobeda S600 was built in Moscow in 2005 . The decisive factor for the model name was the M120 6.0 liter engine from Mercedes-Benz , which initially powered the prototype. Series production is not planned for the time being.
The Estonian writer Ilmar Taska published the novel “Pobeda 1946” in 2016, in which the car is a symbol of the Soviet foreign rule in Estonia. In the novel, a Soviet secret service agent uses the car to make an impression on a young boy. Through the boy he wants to get access to his mother and aunt, who are suspected of anti-Soviet actions.
literature
- Roger Gloor: Post-war car from 1945–1960. Hallwag Verlag, Bern and Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-444-10263-1 .
- The mechanical losses of the engine GAS-M-20 (Pobjeda). Motor vehicle technology 11/1959, pp. 445-448 and 12/1959, pp. 478-481.
Individual evidence
- ↑ IN Porwatow, SR Kristalny: КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ И МАРКИРОВКА АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ. Moscow State Automobile Technical University (MADI), March 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e website on the history of the vehicle with technical data and model variants (English)
- ↑ IS Stepanow, AN Evgrafow, AL Karunin and others: "АВТОМОБИЛИ И ТРАКТОРЫ - ОСНОВЫ ЭРГОНОМИКИ И ДИЗАЙНА" ( Automobiles and tractors - basics of ergonomics and design ). State Polytechnic University MAMI, Moscow 2002, p. 123.
- ↑ Hartmut Lehbrink: Gericke's 100 Years of Sports Cars - 1905 - 2005 . Gericke Holding, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 978-3-938-11800-9 .
