GAZ-M1
| GAZ | |
|---|---|
 GAZ-M1 in restored condition (2014)
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| GAZ-M1 | |
| Sales designation: | ГАЗ-М1 |
| Production period: | 1935 / 36-1946 |
| Class : | Middle class |
| Body versions : | Limousine , cabriolet , pick-up |
| Engines: |
Gasoline engines : 3.3-3.6 liters (37-56 kW) |
| Length: | 4625 mm |
| Width: | 1770 mm |
| Height: | 1775 mm |
| Wheelbase : | 2845 mm |
| Empty weight : | 1370 kg |
| Previous model | GAZ-A |
| successor | GAZ-M20 Pobeda |
The GAZ-M1 ( Russian ГАЗ-М1 ) was a passenger car from the Soviet manufacturer Gorkowski Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ), which was built in series from 1936 to 1946. Frequently used alternative names are M-1 or Emka (Russian Эмка). Almost 63,000 copies were made.
Vehicle history
As early as the early 1930s, the GAZ-A , the first passenger car from the GAZ plant, was a model manufactured under license by Ford . The new model GAZ-M1, which replaced the GAZ-A, was very similar to the Ford Model 40 from 1934. The wheelbases of 284.5 centimeters each are exactly the same, and many optical details match. The GAZ-M1 did not receive a V8 engine, but an improved variant of the engine of the GAZ-A. In contrast to the original, only one body shape was built in large-scale production, the four-door sedan. All other variants such as pick-ups and convertibles remained prototypes or were only produced very rarely.
The designation M1 resulted from the name of the plant, which at that time was still called Gorkowski Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Molotowa. So is the M for M olotow, more Vyacheslav Molotov , the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars . The number 1 just says that it is the number one model. Years after the end of production of the GAZ-M1, the name Molotov was deleted from the factory name.
The first tests with the vehicle began in 1935, series production in 1936. In 1941, production had to be stopped due to the war , and until 1942 vehicles were still assembled from available parts. The vehicles were mainly used as taxis and company cars, only a small number went directly to private individuals. They later acquired the vehicles from government agencies, often used.
As early as 1937, GAZ had been manufacturing a six-cylinder engine under license from Dodge , which was originally intended for use in the GAZ-51 . Due to the outbreak of war, the truck did not go into series production with the same engine until 1948. Instead, the engine, now called "GAZ-11" and producing 76 hp (56 kW), was installed in the GAZ-M1 from 1939 onwards. The resulting vehicle was given the designation GAZ-11-73 . At the same time, the car received a redesigned front and other ventilation slots on the side engine panels. Various prototypes, including pick-ups or convertibles as well as all-wheel drive , were built, mostly only a few examples. Production ran until 1946, from that year the successor GAZ-M20 Pobeda was produced. A total of 62,888 GAZ-M1 of all versions and 1,250 GAZ-11-73 rolled off the assembly line.
The GAZ-M1 was the most important and basically only car from Soviet production during the Second World War, and the military also used it. In this context, it gained a certain fame and notoriety among the population.
Model versions
The GAZ-M1 served as a platform for various vehicles at GAZ at that time, as it made up over 70% of the entire car production of the plant in the pre-war years. The model versions range from trucks to a racing car, including an armored vehicle for the army. The following list does not claim to be complete.
- GAZ-M1 - The basic version with a four-cylinder gasoline engine, which has been in series production since 1936. Production was interrupted by the Second World War and not continued thereafter.
- GAZ-M2 - prototype of a coupe built in 1937. An eight-cylinder gasoline engine with a displacement of 3622 cm³ and 65 PS (48 kW) was installed. The vehicle was also more similar to the Ford Model 40 coupe versions . An alternative designation is GAZ-M1 "Udarnik" (Russian ГАЗ – М1 "Ударник").
- BA-20 - armored reconnaissance vehicle, built for the Red Army from 1936 to 1942.
- GAZ-WM - Prototype of a half-track vehicle built in 1937. The rear axle of the GAZ-M1 was replaced by a caterpillar drive. There was no series production, but two different versions were built, one as a pure passenger car and one as a pick-up.
- GAZ-GL-1 - racing car from 1938 with a completely redesigned body. In 1940 an improved version was built.
- GAZ-61 - Version with all-wheel drive for high military personnel,produced in small numbers and in various variants. For more detailed information and model variants see there.
- GAZ-11-73 - Version of the GAZ-M1 with a six-cylinder engine built with interruptions from 1939 / 40–1946. An alternative but rather rare name is GAZ-M11 . Notorious as the official car of the NKVD , it was popularly nicknamed the Black Raven ( черный ворон ).
- GAZ-11-40 - prototype from 1940, a convertible version of the GAZ-11-73. Five to six pieces were built.
- GAZ-11-415 - Pick-up version of the GAZ-11-73 with the body of the GAZ-M415. Only made a prototype.
- GAZ-M415 - Pick-up version of the GAZ-M1 with a four-cylinder engine, built between 1939 and 1942. Also known as the GAZ-415.
- GAZ-M1G - Version of the GAZ-M1 powered by various gaseous fuels. Nothing is known about series production.
- GAZ-21 - experimental vehicle and mix of GAZ-M1 and GAZ-AA . An additional driven rear axle was installed to increase the off-road mobility.
In addition, the GAZ-MM truck and its derivatives used the GAZ-M1 engine. This was also used on the GAZ-64 , as well as with slight modifications on the GAZ-67 . The 3.48 l six-cylinder engine of the GAZ-11-73 was also continued in production after the war. It is not only installed in the GAZ-51, but with technical changes also in the GAZ-63 truck model and, until 1989, in the GAZ-52 . It was also used in the BTR-40 armored personnel carrier and the GAZ-12 ZIM luxury sedan . The 1942 SU-76 self-propelled gun contained two of them.
Technical specifications
For the basic model GAZ-M1.
- Engine: four-cylinder four-stroke petrol engine
- Engine type: "GAZ-M"
- Power: 50 HP (37 kW)
- Displacement: 3285 cm³
- Bore: 98.43 mm
- Stroke: 107.95 mm
- Compression: 4.6: 1
- Fuel consumption: 14.5 l / 100 km
- Tank capacity: 60 l
- Clutch: single-plate dry clutch
- Transmission: mechanical, 3 forward gears
- Maximum speed (loaded): 100 km / h
- Drive formula : 4 × 2
- Brakes: mechanical on all four wheels
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 4625 mm
- Width: 1770 mm
- Height: 1775 mm
- Wheelbase: 2845 mm
- Ground clearance: 210 mm
- Front track: 1435 mm
- Rear track: 1440 mm
- Turning circle: 12.7 m
- Empty weight: 1370 kg
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d website for the GAZ-M1, including information on the number of pieces (English)
- ↑ General information on the GAZ-M1 (Russian)
- ↑ a b website with information about the GAZ-11-73 (Russian)
- ↑ Comment on the number of pieces of the GAZ-11-73 (Russian)
- ↑ overview of the produced GAZ cars and their proportion of the total production (English)
- ↑ Website with pictures and notes on the GAZ-M1 "Udarnik" (Russian)
- ↑ Usolzewa, O. (Editor): 1000 культовых автомобилей . Eksmo, Moscow 2019, ISBN 978-5-04-097658-4 , p. 357.
- ↑ Note on GAZ-11-40 with pictures of the vehicle (Russian)
- ↑ To the GAZ-M1G, also historical photographs and illustrations (Russian)
