GAZ-51
| GAZ | |
|---|---|
.jpg) GAZ-51 as a flatbed truck
|
|
| GAZ-51 | |
| Manufacturer: | Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod |
| Sales designation: | ГАЗ-51 |
| Production period: | 1946-1975 |
| Previous model: | GAZ-MM |
| Successor: |
GAZ-52 , GAZ-53 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Designs: | Flatbed, various superstructures |
| Engines: | Gasoline engine |
| Power: | 51 kW |
| Payload: | 2.5 t |
| Perm. Total weight: | 5.21 t |
The GAZ-51 ( Russian ГАЗ-51 ) is a light truck made by the Soviet vehicle manufacturer Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod . The vehicle was designed before the Second World War and, together with the all-wheel drive version GAZ-63, was mass-produced after the war . Under the designation GAZ-93 , a tipper was made on the basis of the GAZ-51.
Vehicle history
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_Lublin-51.jpg)
The ideas for developing the GAZ-51 go back to the mid-1930s. The GAZ-AA proved to be increasingly out of date, even by Soviet standards. The American model, the Ford-AA , had already been taken out of production in 1931. Accordingly, from February 1937, the GAZ-11-51 was designed, a light truck with a more powerful engine and a completely redesigned driver's cab. The latter visually resembled that of the UralZIS-355M that was produced later .
The built-in six-cylinder gasoline engine was a copy of a Dodge make . The Soviet Union had already bought a large number of these engines in 1936 in order to replicate them. Production began at GAZ in 1937 under the name GAZ-11. Before the war it was initially only installed in passenger cars, for example in the GAZ-11-73 and GAZ-61 . It was only after the war that it was used - as originally planned - in series trucks.
By 1939 two prototypes of the GAZ-11-51 had been completed. Due to the war, work on the project was interrupted and only resumed in 1943. Further prototypes were built, incorporating experience with imported trucks such as the Studebaker US6 . Pre-series production started in June 1945. On July 19, 1945, a presentation took place in the Moscow Kremlin , whereupon the large-scale production was approved. This began on January 6, 1946. Models from this early stage can be recognized by the fact that the side windows do not yet have the later typically rounded upper edge.
From 1955 the modernized version GAZ-51A was produced. In the summer of 1957, the name Molotov was deleted from the factory name, which was noticeable in the fact that "Gorkowski Avtosavod" (Горьковский автозавод) was written instead of "Avtosawod imeni MolotиоМ" (Автозавотим) (втозавотид) (втозавотод) on the fenders. In 1958, annual production peaked at 173,000 units. In 1961 production of the successor GAZ-53 started and a few years later there was the GAZ-52 . Nevertheless, the GAZ-51 continued to be built until April 2, 1975 and some special versions such as the GAZ-93 tipper until 1976. A total of 3,481,033 GAZ-51 trucks rolled off the assembly line in almost 30 years.
As in many countries of the former Eastern Bloc, the GAZ-51 also came to the GDR . There it was used civilly, but also by the Barracked People's Police (KVP). Their holdings were later taken over by the NVA .
Model versions
Based on the GAZ-51, countless modifications and special vehicles have been created over the course of almost 30 years of production. The following list is therefore not complete and is only intended to provide an overview.
- GAZ-11-51 - prototype from 1939 with a completely different cab
- GAZ-51 - basic version, mass-produced from 1946 to 1955
- GAZ-51A - basic version, built from 1955 to 1975
- GAZ-51F - prototype with optimized engine from 1961, no series production
- GAZ-51K - ambulance on the chassis of the GAZ-51
- GAZ-51L - model with a reinforced frame and a payload of three tons, built from 1953 to 1975
- GAZ-51M - chassis for fire engines of the PMG-12 type. Built from 1949 to 1953.
- GAZ-51P - tractor unit, manufactured from 1956 to 1975 on the basis of the GAZ-51A
- GAZ-51R - goods taxi, which was also suitable for transporting people. Production took place from 1956 to 1975.
- GAZ-51Sch - model with conversion to operation with natural gas, built in series from 1950.
- GAZ-51 half-track vehicle - prototype, two pieces were built in 1953 and 1954
- GAZ-93 - mass-produced tipper based on the GAZ-51, several versions were produced from 1948 to 1976. Over 300,000 pieces were built.
- GZA-651 - bus on the chassis of the GAZ-51. Over time there have been various modifications from different manufacturers. The PAZ-652 and RAF-251 also use the truck's chassis.
- K-2.5-1E - mobile crane, built from 1950 to 1963.
- KI-51 - refrigerated transporter built between 1955 and 1958 based on the GAZ-51
- AZU-20 (51) 60А - fire engine, built from 1959 to 1975. About 10 to 15 other fire engines such as turntable ladders or fire trucks were built on the basis of the GAZ-51.
- AKS 51-22 “Aremkuz” - bus manufactured in Moscow from 1950 to 1962, very similar to the GZA-651.
- Progress-8 - This bus was specially produced for the Soviet Army in a repair shop on the basis of GAZ-51 chassis.
- AZPT-1,8 - tank truck for milk with a capacity of 1800 liters
- MPR-812D - workshop trolley
- S-4M - snow loader. Only the chassis and some of the technology were used, the structure was completely redesigned. Vehicles of this type were in use from at least 1975, there were various other versions. The purpose of the machine is to automatically pick up snow and load it onto trucks via a conveyor belt. The Kleinmachnow tank memorial today shows an S-4M, possibly the only one in Germany.
In addition to the versions listed, the GAZ-51 was built under license in some states. In Poland , the Lublin-51 was built in the Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych . It was produced on a trial basis from 1948 and in series production from 1952, until July 1959, depending on the source, 17,497 to 17,840 units were produced. In China, both the GAZ-51A and the GAZ-63 were built under license from 1958, the manufacturer there was the later Nanjing Automobile Group . The model was named Yuejing NJ-130.
A licensed version of the Sungri-58 was also created in North Korea , which was manufactured in the Sungri engine factory from 1958 onwards . With a few changes, this continued until the 1990s, and the GAZ-63 was also rebuilt there.
Technical specifications
For the basic model GAZ-51.
- Engine: six-cylinder gasoline engine
- Engine type: "GAZ-51"
- Power: 70 HP (51 kW)
- Displacement: 3485 cm³
- Stroke: 110 mm
- Bore: 82 mm
- Max. Torque: 20.5 kpm (201 Nm)
- Tank capacity: 90 l
- Consumption: 26.5 l / 100 km
- Transmission: manual four-speed gearbox
- Top speed: 70 km / h
- Seats in the cabin: 2
- Drive formula : 4 × 2
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 5715 mm
- Width: 2200 mm
- Height: 2130 mm above the cabin
- Wheelbase: 3300 mm
- Front track: 1585 mm
- Rear track: 1650 mm
- Ground clearance: 245 mm
- Turning circle: 16.2 m
- Empty weight: 2710 kg
- permissible total weight: 5210 kg
- Payload: 2500 kg
- permissible trailer load: 3500 kg
literature
- Ralf Kunkel: Type compass. GDR trucks. Imports from the USSR. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03799-1 .
- Model of the Soviet motor vehicle industry: The GAS 51 truck . In: Motor vehicle technology. 6/1952, p. 182.
- The Soviet GAS-51 LPG truck. In: Automotive Technology. 8/1953, pp. 249-251.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b website for the prototype GAZ-11-51 with historical photographs and the vehicle history (Russian)
- ↑ Information on the GAZ-11 engine (Russian)
- ↑ To the history of the GAZ-51 (Russian)
- ↑ a b c d e f g Detailed website about the GAZ-51 and many model variants built (Russian)
- ^ Ralf Kunkel, Christian Suhr: Wheeled vehicles of the NVA. Typenkompass series, Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-613-03151-7 , pp. 44–45.
- ↑ List of other model versions and special vehicles based on the GAZ-51 (Russian)
- ↑ Website for the snow loader S-4M and other models (Russian)
- ↑ Website with pictures and some data on various Soviet snow loaders (Russian)
- ↑ Website for the GAZ-51 with a picture of a historical table and technical data (Russian)
