GAZ-14 Chaika
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.JPG) GAZ-14 Chaika in Germany (2013)
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| GAZ-14 Chaika | |
| Sales designation: | ГАЗ-14 "Чайка" |
| Production period: | 1977-1988 / 89 |
| Class : | Upper class |
| Body versions : | Sedan , convertible , station wagon (individual items) |
| Engines: | V8 petrol engine : 5.53 liters (162 kW) |
| Length: | 6114 mm |
| Width: | 2020 mm |
| Height: | 1525 mm |
| Wheelbase : | 3450 mm |
| Empty weight : | 2605 kg |
| Previous model | GAZ-13 Chaika |
| successor | none |
The GAZ-14 "Tschaika" ( Russian ГАЗ-14 "Чайка" ) is a top-class Soviet passenger car that was built in series from 1977 by Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Sawod (GAZ). It was located below the state limousine ZIL-4104 and served primarily as a company car for senior officials in the state apparatus of the Soviet Union . The GAZ-14 is the successor to the GAZ-13 Chaika , in 1988/89 production was discontinued without replacement. Since then, GAZ has not built any luxury-class vehicles and in 2010 withdrew completely from car manufacturing. Chaika is the Russian word for seagull .
Vehicle history
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The Gorkowski Avtomobilny Sawod began designing a successor to the GAZ-13 Chaika in the mid-1960s . An entire design team was commissioned to comprehensively revise the vehicle, both optically and technically. The first series of prototypes appeared in 1967. Although the design of the vehicles is strongly reminiscent of US models, unlike the predecessor, there was no clear model. In 1968 and 1969, the sedans were presented to the relevant state authorities for production approval. It took until the end of 1976 until the first production vehicle was completed. The GAZ-14 Chaika with factory number 1 was handed over to Leonid Brezhnev , then party leader of the CPSU , on December 19, 1976 on his 70th birthday.
Compared to the GAZ-13, there were various innovations on the vehicle. This not only affected the completely redesigned body, the technology was also revised. The engine block remained the same, but the power and torque were increased. This also improved the performance of the passenger car. The acceleration time from 0 to 100 km / h was reduced from 20 to 15 seconds, the top speed was increased by 15 km / h to 175 km / h. A three-speed automatic transmission with a torque converter was still used, but the selector lever is installed in the center console. Before that, it was operated using push buttons on the dashboard.
Compared to its predecessor, the GAZ-14 became both longer and wider. The wheelbase was lengthened by 20 cm and the track widened by 5 cm. The number of seats and doors remained the same. The interior was completely redesigned, a total of 17 electric motors were used inside. A powerful alternator and two starter batteries were used to cover the high power consumption . In order to be able to heat the car quickly even at low temperatures, a parking heater was provided. It takes ten minutes to heat the interior from -25 ° C to +25 ° C. A radio and a cassette player were also part of the equipment.
In the course of the 1980s, as with its predecessor, a small number of convertibles and ambulances based on the GAZ-14 Chaika were manufactured, the latter not in Gorki , but in Riga . The last GAZ-14 went into production in December 1988 and probably didn't leave the factory until January 1989. It was the last luxury-class sedan manufactured by GAZ. Today the manufacturer only builds commercial vehicles.
Model variants
The GAZ-14 was built in three model variants, with a total of 1114 copies of the vehicle being produced. The basic sedan version was by far the most common.
In addition, with the GAZ-14-05 there was a convertible that was primarily developed for parades and the military. Only 15 units were built and some of them were delivered to the Soviet Army , some are still in use today on relevant occasions. The order was placed with GAZ in 1978, and production began in 1982 and continued until 1988.
As with its predecessor, the Riga bus factory manufactured an ambulance in very small numbers based on the GAZ-14 , which was intended for use in high political circles. It was designated as GAZ-RAF-3920 and was built from 1983. The body was lengthened and the roof was raised so that a station wagon was created. One copy was delivered to Fidel Castro in Cuba and painted white there; in the Soviet Union the vehicles were black.
Technical specifications
For the basic model GAZ-14.
- Engine: water-cooled eight-cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine , V8 with 90 ° cylinder bank angle
- Engine type: "GAZ-14"
- Power: 220 hp (162 kW) at 4200 min -1
- Displacement: 5530 cm³
- Bore: 100.0 mm
- Stroke: 88.0 mm
- maximum torque: 451 Nm at 2700 to 2800 min -1
- Compression: 8.5: 1
- Motor weight: 380 kg
- Mixture preparation: two carburettors, type K114-B (right) and K114-W (left)
- Firing order: 1–5–4–2–6–3–7–8
- Starter: ST-230G
- Alternator: G284
- On-board voltage: 12 V.
- Transmission: three-speed automatic with planetary gear and hydrodynamic torque converter
- Top speed: 175 km / h
- Fuel consumption:
- 17.5 l / 100 km at a constant 90 km / h
- 20.0 l / 100 km at a constant 120 km / h
- 29.0 l / 100 km in city traffic
- Tank capacity: 100 l petrol, at least 87 octane
- Acceleration 0 ... 100 km / h: 15.0 s
- Braking distance from 80 km / h: 43.2 m
- Brakes: hydraulically operated disc brakes at the front and drum brakes at the rear, dual-circuit brake system
- Drive formula : 4 × 2 (rear wheel drive)
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 6114 mm
- Width: 2020 mm
- Height: 1525 mm
- Wheelbase: 3450 mm
- Front and rear track: 1580 mm
- minimum ground clearance: 180 mm
- Turning circle: 16.4 m diameter
- Seats: 7
- Empty weight: 2605 kg, also 2615 kg indicated
- Dry weight : 2425 kg
- Payload: 7 people + 70 kg or 560 kg in total
- permissible total weight: 3175 kg
- Tire size: 9.35-15 ″
literature
- Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). Transport Publishing, 11th edition, Moscow 1994.
- LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР . Third part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1998, ISBN 5-87483-052-9 .
- ГАЗ-14 "Shaika". Руководство по ремонту . Repair instructions for the vehicle from the Soviet foreign trade organization Awtoexport . Moscow before 1988.
- Yevgeny Kochev: Автомобили Советской Армии 1946–1991 . Eksmo, 2011, ISBN 978-5-699-46736-5 .
- A. Sharkova (editor-in-chief): Автолегенды СССР: ГАЗ-14 «Чайка» . No. 52, DeAgostini, Moscow 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f A. Sharkova (editor-in-chief): Автолегенды СССР: ГАЗ-14 «Чайка» . Pp. 3-15.
- ↑ a b c ГАЗ-14 «Чайка». Руководство по ремонту . Repair instructions for the vehicle. P. 3 ff.
- ↑ Newspaper article on the 30th anniversary of the publication of the GAZ-14 Chaika (Russian)
- ^ Yevgeny Kochnev: Автомобили Советской Армии 1946–1991 . Chapter on the GAZ-14 Chaika.
- ↑ Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 131 ff.
