GAZ-63
| GAZ | |
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.jpg) GAZ-63 in a museum (2010)
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| GAZ-63 | |
| Manufacturer: | Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod |
| Sales designation: | ГАЗ-63 |
| Production period: | 1948-1968 |
| Previous model: | GAZ-MM |
| Successor: | GAZ-66 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Designs: | Flatbed, various superstructures |
| Engines: | Six-cylinder gasoline engine |
| Power: | 51 kW |
| Payload: | 2 t |
| Perm. Total weight: | 5.35 t |
The GAZ-63 ( Russian ГАЗ-63 ) is a light four-wheel drive truck made by the Soviet vehicle manufacturer Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod . It is a development from before the Second World War and is based on the GAZ-51 , which however does not have all-wheel drive.
Model history
The development of the GAZ-63 goes back to 1940, when the GAZ-62 was built. This vehicle was a prototype of an all-wheel-drive truck that was still based on the GAZ-MM and was never mass-produced due to the war. Compared to the later production model, however, the same engine was installed, but at that time it was still called the "GAZ-11". The side-controlled six-cylinder gasoline engine was installed in the GAZ-11-73 passenger car, among other things , before the Second World War . After the war, it was used in light trucks for around 40 years, including in the GAZ-52 . The development and testing of the GAZ-62 was completed in 1940, but work on the vehicle was interrupted due to the war.
In February 1943, work on the project was resumed. In November of the same year, a group of designers submitted a new design that incorporated many of the features of the Studebaker US6 , which came in large quantities to the Soviet Union as part of the Lend Lease Act . In particular, the completely redesigned driver's cab and the large single tires on the rear axle were new. The front-wheel drive was designed to be disengageable and the gearbox was taken over from the GAZ-51.
In 1945 a pilot series of the new vehicles was produced for test purposes. Actual series production began at the end of September 1948. In the meantime, the design was refined and as many components as possible were designed so that they were identical to those of the GAZ-51. The match between the two vehicles was around 80%. Until 1950 the trucks were still delivered with cabs, some of which were made of wood. Then one went over to the all-metal construction.
The vehicles have been improved over time. From 1952 a heater was installed, the engines were later given a preheating device. A hydraulic brake system with drum brakes on all wheels was installed on the truck. A model version with a front cable winch was also produced in series. After twenty years of construction, production ended in the summer of 1968 after 474,464 copies. The successor was the GAZ-66 , which was manufactured until 1999.
The GAZ-63 was used in the Soviet Army as a transport vehicle, but also for special bodies such as the BM-14 missile launcher . The vehicles were also imported into the GDR . They were used both by the armed forces and in reconstruction. The National People's Army used it from 1952 with a box body as a special vehicle for transmitting messages.
Model variants
During the construction period of 20 years, there were repeated changes and improvements to the vehicle, which were referred to as separate model versions. The following list does not claim to be complete.
- GAZ-63 - basic model, which was built in series from 1948.
- GAZ-63U - export variant of the basic model
- GAZ-63Ju - export model for tropical areas
- GAZ-63A - The vehicle was additionally equipped with a front cable winch. The curb weight increased to 3520 kg.
- GAZ-63AU - model version of the GAZ-63A, which was intended for export
- GAZ-63AJu - export version especially for tropical areas, equipped with a winch
- GAZ-63D - tractor unit that operated in combination with GAZ-707 type tipping trailers. The tilting mechanism was driven by a power take-off shaft. Built from 1959 to 1968, the rear axle has double tires.
- GAZ-63E (Russian ГАЗ-63Е) - chassis on which buses were built in other plants.
- GAZ-63EU - chassis in export version
- GAZ-63P - tractor unit that was manufactured from 1958 to 1968 and also has a rear axle with double tires. In addition, the vehicle was equipped with a second fuel tank so that a total of 195 liters of petrol can be carried.
- GAZ-63E (Russian ГАЗ-63Э) - model with shielded electrics
- GAZ-63EU - export model with shielded electrics
- GAZ-63EJu - export model with shielded electrics, specially designed for tropical areas
- GAZ-33 - prototype of a three-axle version from 1946, serial production did not take place.
- GAZ-68 - Also known as the KSP-68, a 1944 prototype with the 68mm gun mounted on the cargo bed. However, there was no series production, either during the war or afterwards.
In addition to the vehicles mentioned, fire engines were built based on the GAZ-63. The BTR-40 armored personnel carrier was developed based on the GAZ-63 and the KAwZ-663 all-wheel-drive bus was manufactured on the basis of the GAZ-63 chassis . The Soviet Army also used the vehicle as a base for the BM-14 missile launcher .
Technical specifications
For the basic model GAZ-63.
- Engine: six-cylinder gasoline engine
- Engine type: "GAZ-51"
- Power: 70 HP (51 kW)
- Displacement: 3480 cm³
- Compression: 6.2: 1
- maximum torque: 201 Nm
- Tank capacity: 95 or 105 l
- Consumption: 25 l / 100 km
- Transmission: manual four-speed gearbox, two-stage off-road reduction
- Top speed: 65 km / h
- maximum negotiable slope: 28 °
- Wading depth: 0.8 m
- Drive formula : 4 × 4
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 5525 mm
- Width: 2200 mm
- Height: 2445 mm (above cabin), 2810 mm (above tarpaulin)
- Wheelbase: 3300 mm
- Front track: 1588 mm
- Rear track: 1600 mm
- Ground clearance: 270 mm
- Turning circle: 17.4 m
- Empty weight: 3280 kg
- permissible total weight: 5350 kg
- Payload: 2000 kg, 1500 kg in the field
- permissible trailer load: 2000 kg
literature
- Ralf Kunkel: Type compass. GDR trucks. Imports from the USSR. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03799-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Советские грузовики 1919-1945", Дмитрий Дашко. Available as a reading sample from Google Books. (Russian)
- ↑ GAZ-62 website (Russian)
- ↑ a b c d e Detailed website on the history of the GAZ-63 and its technical data (Russian)
- ↑ Special vehicle with box body based on the GAZ-63 truck
