Urals-4320

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Ural
Ural-4320 with box body
Ural-4320 with box body
Urals-4320
Manufacturer: Uralsky Avtomobilny Zavod
Sales designation: URAL-4320
Production period: since 1977
Previous model: Ural-375D
Successor: URAL NEXT
Technical specifications
Engines: V6 and V8 diesel
Power: 132-176 kW
Payload: 5 t
Perm. Total weight: 13.5 t

The Ural-4320 ( Russian Урал-4320 , current spelling of the manufacturer URAL-4320 ) is a four- wheel drive Russian truck in hood-link design with the drive formula 6 × 6. It was developed while the Soviet Union was still in existence and has been produced by Uralsky Avtomobilny Zavod ever since . It serves as an all-terrain transport and rescue vehicle for various, often military, applications.

With the Ural-4420 there is a version of the truck as a semitrailer tractor, as the Ural-5557 a variant of the vehicle is also built as a tipper . In addition to the standard version of the Ural-4320 with three axes, there is also the smaller Ural-43206 , which has only two axes.

Vehicle history

Ural-4320 of the Russian Armed Forces in Tajikistan (2016)
Ural-4320 during a truck trial (2007)
Ural-4420 , the version as a tractor unit (2009)
Ural-4320 of the Ukrainian Army in Iraq (2003)
Ural-4320 of the Russian armed forces as a tank truck (2012)
Armored Ural-4320WW in the Russian Armed Forces (2016)

As early as 1961, the Uralsky Avtomobilny Zavod (UralAZ for short) began series production of the Ural-375 . This vehicle was very similar to the later Ural 4320, but has a gasoline engine. There was the disadvantage that the fuel consumption of around 45 liters per 100 kilometers was very high for a truck of this weight class. Accordingly, attempts were made as early as the late 1960s to develop a model with a more economical diesel engine.

The early introduction of an Ural truck with a diesel engine failed mainly because no suitable engines were available in bulk. In the 1960s, the UralAZ developed a suitable engine under the name Ural-640 and brought it to series production. However, there was also a lack of production facilities, so that the project ultimately had to be abandoned.

In 1969 the plans for the new KamAZ plant in Naberezhnye Chelny became concrete. The engine production there was designed to also supply other vehicle manufacturers in the Soviet Union with urgently needed diesel engines. Meanwhile, the Jaroslawski Motorny Sawod developed prototypes for the later engines and transmissions that KamAZ was to manufacture in series. In the same year prototype engines of the type JaMZ-7E641 (Russian ЯМЗ-7Э641) were delivered to the UralAZ, as well as matching experimental manual transmissions of the type JaMZ-E141 (Russian ЯМЗ-Э141). Both were built into an Ural-375D and subjected to extensive tests from January 1970. Almost 20,000 kilometers of test drives were covered, and various defects became apparent, particularly in the new diesel engine. To remedy this, it was returned to the Jaroslawski Motorny Sawod.

Two years later, in 1972, the engine was revised and now returned to the UralAZ under the name JaMZ-740. It was put back into a test vehicle called the Ural-E4320. After further tests were completed in 1973, preparations for the production of the Ural-4320 with a diesel engine were approved. Other prototypes had been built beforehand, including copies of the later Ural-4420 tractor unit . In addition to the new engine, a few other changes were later incorporated into series production. This particularly affected the cabin and interior fittings, the radiator grille, the axle housing, the transfer case and also the gearbox.

In 1974 further prototypes were built for new acceptance tests; the tests themselves were completed in 1975. As a result, on December 31, 1975, the responsible Soviet ministry approved the series production of the trucks. The engine supplier KamAZ started production in 1976 and the first five production vehicles of the Ural-4320 were completed in December 1977. 25 trucks had left the plant by the end of the year.

The problem with poor engine availability should persist for a while. In 1978 only 100 of the new trucks could be built. Until about 1986 the loading areas used were the same as those of the Ural-375, which is still being manufactured. Only then were other superstructures made especially for the Ural-4320. In 1990 production reached 31,500 vehicles. Most of the Ural 4320s were delivered to the Soviet Ministry of Defense or the army. But they were also used for civil purposes, and the vehicles are still exported today.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union , production of the Ural-375D ceased in 1993. In particular, it had been built in parallel for so long because the gasoline engine remains operational for longer in very cold regions. In the mid-1990s, UralAZ began a cooperation with IVECO . As a result, some of the trucks no longer have the classic long hood, but cabins like those built into the Iveco T series .

As of 2016, the model is still being built by the manufacturer almost unchanged, although six and eight-cylinder engines of the types JaMZ-236 and JaMZ-238 are typically used today . This means that outputs from 132 to 176 kW (180 to 240 hp) are available. Completely different diesel engines from the same manufacturer have been installed since around 2013. KamAZ, on the other hand, no longer supplies any engines. A successor has been offered under the name URAL NEXT since 2015 .

The Ural-4320 has recently returned to the truck trial because of its off-road capabilities .

Military importance

The Ural-4320 was a standard vehicle used by the Warsaw Pact armies . A considerable number of these trucks can still be found in the Russian and Ukrainian armed forces today. The truck has also been exported to various African countries, including Iraq and Afghanistan .

The National People's Army of the GDR procured the Ural-4320 for the first time relatively late in 1983. By then, the predecessor had already been imported. Both trucks were used both with a flatbed body and with various special bodies. In addition, a small number of Ural-44202 tractor units based on the Ural-4320 came to the NVA.

Armored versions of the Ural-4320 have also been built.

Model variants

Ural-3255 for passenger transport based on the Ural-4320 (2013)
Ural-4320 when crossing water (2014)
EOW-3521 wheeled excavator on Ural-4320 (2008)
Ural-4320 with cab of the Iveco T-series as forward control (2010)
Ural-43206 at a trade fair in Russia (2012)
Ural-5557 on a construction site on the route of the Pechora railway shortly before Vorkuta (2014)

The vehicle serves as the basis for a large number of different bodies. These include flatbed trucks, cranes, earth drilling rigs, municipal vehicles, fire engines, tankers, log transporters, flatbed trucks, airfield vehicles, oil field vehicles, box vehicles and many other special bodies. There is talk of a total of more than 1000 versions in around 40 years of production. The following list can only represent a small selection.

  • Ural-3255 - vehicle based on the Ural-4320 with a body for passenger transport. So it is an all-terrain bus.
  • Ural-E4320 - Russian Урал-Э4320, prototype with JaMZ-740 engine.
  • Ural-4320 - first production model, built from 1977 to 1986.
  • Ural-432001 - Version built from 1981 especially for extremely cold areas. Produced until 1986.
  • Ural-432006 - export model.
  • Ural-4320-01 - First modernization, built from 1986 to 1993.
  • Ural-4320-02 - Upgraded version with 220 HP and KamAZ engine, built from 1989 to 1993.
  • Ural-4320-10 - Equipped with JaMZ-236 V6 diesel engine, manufactured from 1993 to 2002.
  • Ural-4320-30 - version with an extended wheelbase and JaMZ-238 eight-cylinder diesel engine. 240 hp from a displacement of just under 15 liters, built from 1994 to 2002.
  • Ural-4320-31 - short wheelbase model with JaMZ-238 engine. Also built from 1994 to 2002.
  • Ural-4320-40 - version with a long wheelbase and a revised V8 type JaMZ-238NE2. Built from 2003 to 2012.
  • Ural-4320-41 - Like Ural-4320-40, but with a short wheelbase. Built from 2003 to 2012.
  • Ural-4320-58 - With revised cab, built since 2009.
  • Ural-4320-60 - model with a completely new six-cylinder engine from JaMZ, 230 HP and increased payload to ten tons. Built since 2013.
  • Ural-4320-61 - Like -60, but only six tons of payload. Also in production since 2013.
  • Ural-4320-71 - With a new diesel engine and 240 HP, built since 2014.
  • Ural-4320-72 - Like -71, but with 10.5 tons of payload.
  • Ural-4320-73 - Like -71, only 6.5 tons payload.
  • Ural-4320-80 - With 285 HP, on the market since 2014.
  • Ural-4320-82 - With 312 HP and transmission from ZF Friedrichshafen , on the market since 2014.
  • Ural-43203 - Version adapted to agricultural needs. Manufactured from 1978, built in various versions, discontinued in 2005.
  • Ural-43204 - Also built in various versions, for forestry. In series production since 1989.
  • Ural-43205 - Short-term version with an Ural-744 engine from our own production. Manufactured only from 1993 to 1994, because in 1993 KamAZ no longer supplied enough engines due to a major fire in engine production.
  • Ural-43206 - two -axis version with various own versions and other technical parameters, see there.
  • Ural-4420 - tractor unit, for model versions and other information see there.
  • Ural-5557 - execution as a tipper for various purposes, see also there.
  • EOW-3521 and others - With mobile excavator superstructure.

Various special military equipment deviates completely from the numbering scheme and is sometimes only referred to with letter combinations.

technology

Ural-4320 in Tajikistan (2007)
Ural-4320 as a road-rail vehicle (2012)
Ural-4320 for forestry

All data given apply to the basic model Ural-4320 and refer to the year 1989.

length 7366 mm
width 2674 mm
height 2870 mm
wheelbase 3500 + 1400 mm
Empty weight at least 8425 kg
payload 5000 kg
permissible trailer load 7000 kg
permissible total mass 13,425 kg
maximum axle load at the front 4260 kg
maximum rear axle load (double axle) 9415 kg
Top speed, fully loaded 85 km / h
Fuel supply 300 l + 60 l optional, also 210 l + 60 l indicated
middle driving range including reserve 700-1100 km
medium fuel consumption 27-38 l / 100 km
frame riveted side and cross members
Hitching devices two rigid towing hooks at the front, buffered hitch at the rear
Tires Tubular tire 14.00-20 for adjustable air pressure
rim three-part, 10-20
Tire pressure, adjustable from ... to 0.5-3.1 bar
Gradeability at full mass 30 °
minimum turning circle 22 m
Fording depth 1.5 m

Model versions with a payload of over ten tons and a correspondingly higher total weight are now on the market.

engine

The engine of the Ural-4320, which was supplied by KamAZ, is used in various KamAZ models. These include the KamAZ-5320 , the KamAZ-5410 and also the KamAZ-5511 .

Engine model KamAZ-740.10
design type Four-stroke diesel, liquid-cooled,
direct injection with a central piston combustion chamber
approved fuel Diesel fuel
Design 90 ° V eight-cylinder
Nominal output at 2600 −1 156 kW (210 hp)
Total displacement 10.85 l
Bore / stroke 120 mm / 120 mm
Compression ratio 17: 1
highest torque (1500–1800 min −1 ) 667 Nm
lowest specific fuel consumption 224.3 g / kWh (at 1800 min -1 / 118 kW (160 hp))
lowest idle speed 600 min −1
highest speed 2930 min −1
highest continuous speed 2600 min −1
Firing order, overall engine 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
Cylinder sequence, cylinder bank on the left 1-2-3-4
Cylinder sequence, cylinder bank on the right 5-6-7-8
Direction of rotation of the crankshaft right
Oil pressure when the engine is at operating temperature 0.9-5.4 bar
Lubrication system Pressure circulation / spray oil
Fuel pump mechanically controlled eight-piston pump in V-design
Injectors Marking "33", opening pressure 176.6 bar, five-hole
Fuel filter two-stage coarse / fine with water separator

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, other diesel engines were and are also being installed, especially the JaMZ-236 and JaMZ-238 types . Both have a larger displacement than the KamAZ-740 (namely 11.15 and 14.86 l respectively), whereby the JaMZ-236 is a V6 and the JaMZ-238 is a V8. Today KamAZ no longer supplies engines for the vehicle.

Gearbox and power transmission

The Ural has three permanently driven axles with large individual tires and a transfer case that can be locked and reduced. The high off-road mobility is achieved through the typical tires with a tractor profile and the tire pressure that can be changed while driving.

Drive concept, wheel formula permanent all-wheel drive, 6 × 6
coupling KamAZ-14 two-disc dry clutch, mechanically operated
Change gear KamAZ, mechanical, five gears + reverse gear, 1st gear not synchronized
Translations 5.62 / 2.89 / 1.64 / 1.00 / 0.724 / R = 5.3
Transfer case mechanical, two-speed, lockable
Translation road / terrain 1.3 / 2.15
Torque distribution FA: HA 1: 2
Cardan shafts open, needle-bearing
Axle drive two-stage gear, without lock
Total transmission of the axles 7.32

Electrical system

In order to achieve high off-road mobility, it was necessary, among other things, to design parts of the electrical system to be watertight. The operating voltage has been increased from 12 to 24 V compared to its predecessor.

wiring Discharger, minus ground
Operating voltage 24 V
generator waterproof, three-phase current, 48 A.
Voltage regulation electronic semiconductor regulator, contactless
Batteries 12 V, 190 Ah, two pieces
Engine starter 7.73 kW with magnetic switch, remote-controlled via ignition lock
Headlights H4 halogen 55/60 watt, waterproof

Additional equipment

The Ural-4320 can be equipped with various additional technology upon request and at an additional cost. This includes in particular a cable winch attached to the rear, which is driven by the vehicle's engine via a branch gear. With a rope length of 65 m and a rope thickness of 17.5 mm, it is able to apply a maximum force of 70 kN. This corresponds to a freely liftable load of almost seven tons. The branch transmission could also be procured individually, 40% of the engine power can be taken from it.

The additional equipment also includes a 60 liter additional tank, hydraulics for lowering the spare wheel, heating for the driver's cab and additional seals for various drive components for deep water passages. A diesel-powered engine heater with 30 kilowatts of power can also be ordered, which acts on the coolant and engine oil. This means that the vehicle remains ready to start even at extremely low temperatures.

literature

  • Ralf Kunkel: Type compass, GDR trucks, imports from the USSR. MotorBuch-Verlag Stuttgart, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03799-1 .
  • Uwe Miethe: picture atlas of the GDR road traffic. GeraMond Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-7654-7692-1 .

Web links

Commons : Ural-4320  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Detailed website on the vehicle family around the Ural-4320 with technical data, history and model variants (Russian)
  2. ↑ UralAZ: Catalog of trucks and special purpose vehicles , accessed on September 7, 2016 (PDF; 2.77 MB, English)
  3. ↑ a b Ralf Kunkel: Typenkompass. GDR trucks. Imports from the USSR. P. 50 f.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Operating instructions Ural-4320, printed in 1989 in the USSR.