Herod of Chalcis

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Herod of Chalkis (* around 12 BC; † 48 ) was a grandson of the Jewish king Herod the Great . He ruled the Kingdom of Chalcis from 44 to 48 AD .

origin

The father of Herod of Chalkis was the Jewish prince Aristobulus , a son of Herod the great and his second wife, the Maccabean princess Mariamne . Mariamne († 29 BC) and her son Aristobulus († 7 BC) were both executed by Herod the Great (for alleged marital infidelity or involvement in overturning plans).

The mother of Herod of Chalkis and the wife of the unhappy Herod's son Aristobulus was Berenike , a daughter of Salome , Herod the Great's sister, who was very influential at the Herodian court, and her second husband Kostobaros .

From the marriage of Aristobulus and Berenike, Herod of Chalkis and his siblings Agrippa, Aristobulus , Mariamne and Herodias emerged. His brother Agrippa later became Herod Agrippa I, King of Judea (37-44 AD).

Life

Herod of Chalkis was married to Mariamne, daughter of Joseph and Olympias. Joseph was the son of 38 BC Herod's brother Joseph killed in the war. Olympias was a daughter of Herod the Great from his marriage to the Samaritan Malthake . From the marriage of Herod of Chalkis with Mariamne a son emerged who was named "Aristobulus" after his grandfather. He later became king of Lesser Armenia .

Herod of Chalkis was married to his niece Berenike (a daughter of Agrippa I and his wife Cyprus) in his second marriage . Berenike later became famous as the mistress of the Roman general and emperor Titus - after the death of Herod of Chalkis . The sons Berenikianos and Hyrcanos came from the marriage of Herod of Chalkis with Berenike, about whose later fate nothing is known.

At the intercession of his brother Agrippa I, with whom he evidently had good relations all his life, Herod received rule over Lebanon from the Roman Emperor Claudius in 44 AD, when he must have been around 56 years old - Principality of Chalkis located in the mountains. One of the first measures taken by Herod of Chalkis, as the Jewish historian Flavius ​​Josephus reports, was Silas, the former army chief and companion of his brother Agrippa I, who, however, had already fallen out of favor with him because of his excessive ease of speech and of him had been put in jail to be executed. Compared to his brother Agrippa I, Herod of Chalkis is considered to be a strict ruler, who acted harder against troublemakers.

At his request, Herod of Chalkis received from Emperor Claudius after the death of his brother Agrippa I the rights of disposal over the temple in Jerusalem from his inheritance . These included, in particular, the right to appoint the high priests , and also included control over the magnificent high priestly robes and the administration of the temple treasures (which - according to today's terms - represented a fortune worth billions). During his reign, Herod of Chalcis appointed the following high priests: Joseph the son of Kamus (of the house of Kamithos) and Ananias the son of Nebedaios.

Succession

After the death of Herod of Chalkis, his kingdom fell to his nephew Herod Agrippa II , the son of his brother Agrippa I. At the death of his father in AD 44, he was still too young to succeed him in troubled Judea, and had previously lived in Rome. Judea was subsequently converted into a Roman province and placed under the direct rule of Roman procurators . The king's son Herod Agrippa II was resigned to the fact that he received the kingdom of his deceased uncle after 48 AD.

Aristobulus , son of Herod of Chalkis, later married the later notorious Salome (whose youthful veil dance is said to have been responsible for the death of John the Baptist ). He was named King of Lesser Armenia (Armenia minor), another Roman clientele, in AD 54 by the Roman Emperor Nero .

See also

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. Flavius ​​Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 19, 277; Jewish War 2, 217.
  2. Josephus, Jüdische Antiquities 20, 104; Jewish War 2, 221.