glide
Gliding sound is a linguistic term that has very different meanings:
Glide as sound transition and transition According
1. The term glide in older phonetics ultimately goes back to Sweet (1906). In older phonetics it was believed that a sound is pronounced in three phases: The first phase is the on-glide, in which the organs of articulation move in such a way that ultimately the correct position for the intended sound is reached. The organs of articulation then remain in this position for a short time (positional sound). Then when a word is pronounced it moves away from this rest position (this is the so-called "off-glide") and continues to the next sound; Anglitt and Abglitt are the gliding sounds, i.e. the transitions between the positional sounds . So one finds z. B. in Jespersen (1926) in the register the keyword "sliding sounds" with reference to chap. X, where Anglitt and Abglitt are treated as transitional forms between the speech sounds. Pilch (1968: 81) points out that the idea that there is a short, stable position of the articulatory organs was proven to be wrong by Menzerath & Lacerda (1933): the articulatory organs are rather in constant motion.
Also already in the older phonetics, the idea arises that the second part of diphthongs (Jespersen 1926: 208: "the mitlautende vowel ") as a "glide" (= glide is used). For these cases the term semi-vowel or, more rarely, but with the same meaning, semi-consonant has been established. Also in Duden. The grammar (2005: 43, 55) uses the term glide for this. Kohler (1977: 116) sees these sounds fulfilling a "hybrid position between phonetic substance and phonological function".
2. Another concept of gliding sound can be found in Jakobson, Fant & Halle (1972: 19), where the fricative [h] and the so-called crackling sound [ʔ] are introduced as “glides”; Because of their phonetic properties, both sounds can neither be qualified as consonant nor vowel . This ultimately also goes back to Sweet (1906), who saw both sounds in Modern English as "on-glides" (Anglitte) for vowels (Vachek 1968: 194).
3. Kloeke (1982: 63) explains that “glide” is used to summarize the half-vowels and the laryngals (laryngals are the sounds named by Jakobson, Fant & Halle).
Vachek (1968) used the examples of modern English, Russian and Czech to give a very differentiated analysis of the perceptions of sliding sounds , although he defends himself against excessive consideration of acoustic findings as in Jakobson, Fant & Halle (1972) and calls for more attention to be paid to the phonological status of the sounds in question in different language systems.
Sliding sound as a sound insert
Bussmann (2002) draws attention to a completely different concept of gliding sound: here it is primarily defined as a “parasitically inserted sound that is not etymologically founded”; What is meant by this are sound insertions ( epentheses ) such as the [-t-] in words "eigen-t-lich", "willen-t-lich".
See also
literature
- Hadumod Bußmann (Ed.) With the collaboration of Hartmut Lauffer: Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft. 4th, revised and bibliographically supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-520-45204-7 .
- Duden . The grammar. 7th, completely new and expanded edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007, ISBN 3-411-04047-5 .
- Roman Jakobson, C. Gunnar M. Fant & Morris Halle: Preliminaries to speech analysis. The distinctive features and their correlates. Tenth printing. The MIT Press, Cambridge (Mass.) 1972, ISBN 0-262-60001-3 .
- Otto Jespersen : Textbook of Phonetics. 4th edition. Teubner, Leipzig / Berlin 1926.
- Wus van Lessen Kloeke: German Phonology and Morphology. Features and distinctiveness. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1982, ISBN 3-484-30117-1 .
- Klaus J. Kohler: Introduction to the Phonetics of German. Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-503-01237-0 .
- Paul Menzerath, & A. de Lacerda: Coarticulation, control and sound demarcation. An experimental study. Dümmler, Berlin / Bonn 1933 (= Phonetic Studies, 1).
- Herbert Pilch : Phoneme Theory. 2., verb. Edition. Karger, Basel / New York 1968. On sliding sounds: pp. 79ff.
- Henry Sweet: A Primer of Phonetics. Oxford 1906.
- Josef Vachek: Some Remarks on 'Glides' in Phonological Analysis. In: Travaux linguistiques de Prague 3. Études structurales dédiées au VIe Congrès des slavistes 1968, pp. 189–201.
