Glossopteris flora
The flora of the Gondwana continent during the Permian period is called Glossopteris flora . The dominant genus was Glossopteris .
The Glossopteris flora developed in the transition period from the Carboniferous to the Permian in the course of the Permocarbon Ice Age . It is a form of vegetation adapted to temperate to cool climates with deciduous species whose wood has distinctive annual rings. These properties are clear characteristics of seasonal temperature fluctuations. In the Permian, the Glossopteris flora populated the southern area from Gondwana up to high latitudes .
In addition to the prevailing glossopteridales the flora consisted of conifers ( Walkomiella ), ferns of Osmundales herbaceous Sphenophyllales ( Phyllotheca , Schizoneura ), herbaceous lycopodiopsida ( Cyclodendron , Selaginella ) Cycadophyta ( Pseudoctenis , Dundedoonia rare), also Ginkgophyta and occasionally even Paleozoic representatives of seed ferns ( Bergiopteris ). The Pteridophyta are generally represented as rich in pollen . Many pollen grains have one or two pollen sacs. The Glossopteris flora was much poorer in species than the flora existing at the same time in Europe and North America.
meaning
The Glossopteris flora led to the formation of significant coal deposits, estimated at 120 billion tons in Australia alone .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c R.S. Hill, EM Truswell, S. McLaughlin, ME Dettmann: Evolution of the Australian Flora: Fossil evidence . In: AE Orchard (Ed.): Flora of Australia. Volume 1. Introduction . 2nd edition, ABRS / CSIRO Australia, Melbourne 1999, pp. 260f. ISBN 0-643-05965-2 .
- ^ W. Zimmermann: Phylogenie der Pflanzen . 2nd edition, G. Fischer, Stuttgart 1959, pp. 625-629. (without ISBN).