Glossoscolecidae
Glossoscolecidae | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Glossoscolecidae | ||||||||||||
Michaelsen , 1900 |
Glossoscolecidae is the name of a family of little bristles in the order of Crassiclitellata (earthworms in the broader sense) that are common in Central America and South America . Due to a revision in 2012 and the listing of the family Rhinodrilidae , its scope has been limited.
features
The Glossoscolecidae have a cylindrical body without dorsal pores. There are four pairs of bristles on each segment .
The esophagus forms a chewing stomach in the 6th segment , while in the 11th or 12th segment there is a pair of interwoven tubular calcified glands outside the intestinal wall. The Typhlosolis is blade-shaped with a front section in which zigzag folds are fused ventrally and folded into side pockets. The closed blood vessel system of the Glossoscolecidae has in the front part of the body, in addition to the abdominal and dorsal vessels, a supra-oesophageal vessel constructed similarly to the latter, a pair of extra-oesophageal vessels in the middle of the heart and a subneural vessel lying against the body wall under the abdominal cord . The nephridia are probably developed as holonephridia with nephridiostomata, versicular in the midgut area.
The clitellum the hybrid is always saddle-shaped and receives, starting with the segment 14, up to 12 segments a. A pubertal tuberosity is present. The animals have no prostates. The paired, adiverticulate (no blind sacs) receptacula seminis are either interparietal or spread freely into the coelom and open outwards via inconspicuous paired, rarely numerous openings in front of the gonad-bearing segments. The clearly visible male genital orifices sit behind the female ones and are connected to the bulbi ejaculatori located within the coelom, into which the sperm conductors lead.
distribution
The Glossoscolecidae are widespread in tropical South America , individual members of the genus Glossodrilus also in Central America including the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Martinique . The Glossoscolecidae, like other Crassiclitellates, are soil-dwellers and substrate-eaters , which digest the organic components of the ingested substrate.
Systematics
The Glossoscolecidae family was established in 1900 by Wilhelm Michaelsen . Since then, numerous genera have been placed here that are no longer included after the latest revision. Molecular genetic studies by Samuel Wooster James and Seana K. Davidson in 2012 showed that the Glossoscolecidae, as described by Reginald William Sims in 1981, are polyphyletic and must be divided into two new families, which is why they are the Glossoscolecidae s. st. newly described and the family Pontoscolecidae fam. nov. around the genus Pontoscolex . In the same year, however, Samuel Wooster James revised the name, since a family Rhinodrilidae Benham had been founded in 1890 , including Pontoscolex . Thus, among other things, Pontoscolex corethrurus, which is known as an invasive species due to its wide distribution, is no longer part of the Glossoscolecidae family, but rather belongs to the Rhinodrilidae family.
Genera after revision by James and Davidson (2012)
After the revision, the family Glossoscolecidae sensu stricto only includes 7 genera :
- Diaguita Cordero, 1942
- Enantiodrilus Cognetti, 1902
- Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900
- Glossodrilus Cognetti, 1905
- Glossoscolex Leuckardt, 1835
- Holoscolex Cognetti, 1904
- Righiodrilus Zicsi, 1995
Genera based on the description of Sims (1981)
Before the revision, about 25 genera with almost 200 species were included in the Glossoscolecidae sensu lato family :
- Aicodrilus Righi, 1971
- Alexidrilus Righi, 1971
- Amazo Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1976
- Anagaster Friend, 1921
- Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900
- Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908
- Andioscolex Michaelsen, 1927
- Annadrilus Horst, 1893
- Anteoides Cognetti, 1902
- Anteus Perrier, 1872
- Aptodrilus Cognetti, 1904
- Atatina Righi, 1971
- Aymara Michaelsen, 1935
- Botarodrilus Zicsi, 1990
- Bribri Righi, 1984
- Chibui Righi & Guerra, 1985
- Cirodrilus Righi, 1975
- Diachaeta Benham, 1886
- Diaguita Cordero, 1942
- Enantiodrilus Cognetti, 1902
- Estherella Gates, 1970
- Eudevoscolex Cordero, 1944
- Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900
- Geoscolex Leuckardt, 1841
- Glossocolex Leuckardt, 1836
- Glossodrilus Cognetti, 1905
- Glossoscolex Leuckardt, 1835
- Goiascolex Righi, 1971
- Hesperoscolex Michaelsen, 1900
- Hexachyloscolex Zicsi & Csuzdi, 1999
- Holoscolex Cognetti, 1904
- Hypogaeon Savigny, 1820
- Inkadrilus Michaelsen, 1917
- Irewiae Drachenberg, [1989] 1992
- Langioscolex Zicsi, 1990
- Martiodrilus Michaelsen, 1937
- Meroscolex Černosvitov, 1934
- Onoreodrilus Zicsi, 1988
- Onychochaeta Beddard, 1891
- Opisthodrilus Rosa, 1895
- Periscolex Cognetti, 1905
- Pontoscolex Schmarda, 1861
- Pseudochibui Drachenberg & Carlos, 1992
- Quimbaya Michaelsen, 1935
- Randdrilus Moreno & Pérez-Santos, 1997
- Rhinodrilus Perrier, 1872
- Righiodrilus Zicsi, 1995
- Siphonogaster Levinsen, 1889
- Tairona Righi, 1984
- Tamayodrilus Zicsi, 1995
- Thamnodrilus Beddard, 1887
- Titanus Perrier, 1872
- Trichochaeta Beddard, 1893
- Tuiba Righi, Ayres & Bittencourt, 1976
- Tykonus Michaelsen, 1892
- Urobenus Benham, 1886
- Urochaeta Perrier, 1872
- Zongodrilus Righi, 1996
literature
- Wilhelm Michaelsen: Oligochaeta: Vermes. R. Friedländer and Son, Berlin 1900. Glossoscolecidae , p. 420.
- Reginald William Sims (1981): A classification and the distribution of earthworms, suborder Lumbricina (Haplotaxida: Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series 39 (2), pp. 103–124, here p. 111.
- Reginald William Sims, Brian M. Gerard: Earthworms: Keys and Notes for the Identification and Study of the Species. Doris M. Kermack, RSK Barnes (Ed.): Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), No. 31. EJ Brill, London 1985. p. 123.
- Samuel Wooster James: Re-erection of Rhinodrilidae Benham, 1890, a senior synonym of Pontoscolecidae James, 2012 (Annelida: Clitellata). Zootaxa 3540, pp. 67-68.
- Samuel Wooster James, Seana K. Davidson (2012): Molecular phylogeny of earthworms (Annelida: Crassiclitellata) based on 28S, 18S and 16S gene sequences. Invertebrate Systematics, 26, 213-229. doi : 10.1071 / IS11012 .