Gold / tables and graphs

10 countries cover 67 percent of global gold production (as of 2011)

Here are tables and graphs with information about Gold shown.

overview

In 2018, global gold production was 3300 tons (2017: 3230 tons). The most important gold-producing nations were the People's Republic of China (401 tons), Australia (315 tons), Russia (311 tons), the USA (226 tons) and Canada (183 tons), which accounted for 43.5 percent of world production.

Eligible reserves were estimated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in January 2020 at 50,000 tons worldwide. Australia accounted for 10,000 tons, Russia for 5,300 tons and South Africa for 3,200 tons. These three states together had a 37 percent share of the world's reserves. The static range of the reserves is around 15 years.

Reserves

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) distinguishes between the following two categories:

• The reserve base is that portion of an identified resource that meets the specific minimum physical and chemical criteria for current mining and production practices, including grade , quality , thickness and depth . The publication of data on the stock base was stopped by the USGS in 2009.
• The reserves are that part of the supply base that could be economically extracted or produced at a given time. The term does not have to mean that extraction systems are installed and working. Reserves only contain exploitable substances.

The reserves of the countries with the greatest production are listed here.

Figures in tons (2018)

rank	country	advancement	Reserves	Percentage ownership %
1.	Australia	315	10,000	20.0
2.	Russia	311	5,300	10.6
3.	South Africa	117	3,200	6.4
4th	United States	226	3,000	6.0
5.	Indonesia	135	2,600	5.2
6th	Brazil	85	2,400	4.8
7th	Peru	143	2,100	4.2
8th.	People's Republic of China	401	2,000 (a)	4.0
9.	Canada	183	1,900	3.8
10.	Uzbekistan	104	1,800	3.6
11.	Argentina	72	1,600	3.2
12.	Mexico	117	1,400	2.8
13.	Papua New Guinea	67	1,000	2.0
14th	Ghana	127	1,000	2.0
15th	Kazakhstan	100	1,000	2.0
	Other countries	797	10,000	20.0
	World (b)	3,300	50,000	100.0

^(a)The information on China's reserves appears implausible because it is too low. In other places values ​​of over 12,000 tons are mentioned.

^(b) Values ​​rounded

advancement

By country

The following table contains all countries whose annual output in 2018 was over 10 tons. Gold has not been mined in Germany since 1990. All figures relate to the states within their current borders.

Promotion in kilograms

Rank (2018)	country	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018
1.	People's Republic of China	1,500	45,000	100,000	176.910	340,880	450.053	453,490	426.142	401.119
2.	Australia	19,282	17,035	242,420	296.420	260,000	277,372	290,767	292.022	313.028
3.	Russia	202,200	258.200	302,000	142,500	201,300	256,500	253.200	270,300	279,900
4th	United States	54,223	30.164	294.189	353,437	228,000	213,808	222.211	236.778	211,000
5.	Canada	74,917	50,620	169.412	155,538	98.297	162.504	163,888	171.111	184.066
6th	Ghana	22,240	10,981	16,563	78,399	92,380	112,402	114,488	133,303	149.067
7th	Peru	3,349	3,870	9.097	132,585	148.920	146.823	153.006	151.964	142,643
8th.	Indonesia	237	248	10,653	127.192	104,535	92.171	80,868	99.030	135,250
9.	Mexico	6,166	6.096	8,548	26,375	79,376	134,759	132.413	126,820	118,359
10.	South Africa	1,000,417	672.875	605.100	430,778	188,701	144,515	142.077	136,833	117,150
11.	Kazakhstan	9,000	9,000	24,000	28,171	29,941	63,614	74,737	85,339	100,288
12.	Brazil	5,830	13,752	101,728	50,393	57,900	83.124	93,921	79,717	97,100
13.	Sudan	0	10	150	5,773	34,000	82,400	93,400	107,300	93,600
14th	Uzbekistan	15,000	43,000	75,000	87,500	73,000	100,000	100,000	90,000	90,000
15th	Papua New Guinea	740	14,730	34,280	74,540	66.901	57,640	61,952	65,246	67,562
16.	Mali	1	45	2,355	28,717	38,524	46,500	48,200	51,500	61,000
17th	Argentina	0	341	1,399	25,954	58,079	62,673	56.017	60.177	59,818
18th	Burkina Faso	0	0	2,715	625	22,504	36,540	38,520	46,436	53,234
19th	Democratic Republic of Congo	5,617	2	0	52	10,000	38,000	37,100	37,100	43,800
20th	Tanzania	244	3	1,643	15,060	39,448	43,293	45,155	43,489	39,304
21st	Chile	1,578	6,836	27.503	54,143	39,494	42,501	46,333	37,911	37,066
22nd	Colombia	6,268	15,877	29,353	37,018	53,606	59,638	63.157	43,128	35,560
23.	Zimbabwe	15,600	11,443	16,921	22.007	9,620	20,023	22,747	23,929	35,054
24.	Dominican Republic	0	11,496	4,354	0	533	31,134	37,932	35,242	31,633
25th	Bolivia	952	1,620	5,198	12,000	6,400	19,770	22,545	29,524	29,976
26th	Suriname	36	5	0	0	12,932	9,396	12,926	25,844	26.002
27.	Turkey	0	0	0	500	16,400	27,800	24,030	23,090	27,100
28.	Guinea	120	0	6,340	15,748	24,836	21,464	29,192	46,845	25,823
29	Ivory Coast	0	0	20th	3,444	5,316	23,200	25,100	25,200	24,500
30th	Philippines	18,747	20,025	24,591	36,541	40,847	21,314	23,053	22,749	20,765
31.	Mongolia	0	0	0	11,808	6,037	20,828	9,331	19,849	20,655
32.	Guyana	138	342	1,204	13,525	8,744	14,029	22,167	20,334	19,069
33.	Kyrgyzstan	0	0	1,200	22,000	18,464	17,600	21,000	29,100	19,000
34.	Egypt	0	0	0	0	4,675	13,657	17,139	16,941	14,694
35.	Senegal	0	0	0	0	5,354	5,670	6,741	7,255	12,509
36.	Saudi Arabia	0	0	3,536	3,637	4,477	5,089	7,010	10,333	11,831
37.	New Zealand	319	200	4,626	9,880	13,469	12,687	9,866	10,288	10,045
38.	Togo	0	0	0	0	13,000	15,568	14,000	20,000	10,000
	total	1,464,721	1,243,816	2,126,098	2,479,170	2,456,890	2,986,059	3,069,679	3,158,169	3,168,570

By company

The company, the country in which the head office is located and the amount extracted are listed.

Production in million ounces and in tons (2017)

rank	Companies	country	Amount [Moz]	Amount [t]
1.	Barrick Gold	Canada	5.32	165.5
2.	Newmont Mining	United States	5.27	163.9
3.	AngloGold Ashanti	South Africa	3.76	116.9
4th	Kinross gold	Canada	2.67	83.0
5.	Goldcorp	Canada	2.57	79.9
6th	Newcrest Mining	Australia	2.38	74.0
7th	Polyus gold	Russia	2.16	67.2
8th.	Gold Fields	South Africa	2.16	67.2
9.	Agnico Eagle Mines	Canada	1.71	53.2
10.	Freeport-McMoRan	United States	1.43	44.5

After mines

The mine, the country in which the gold mine is located and the amount extracted are listed.

Production in tons (2015)

rank	Mine	country	Amount [t]
1.	Muruntau	Uzbekistan	61.0
2.	Grasberg	Indonesia	42.3
3.	Gold strike	United States	32.8
4th	Cortez	United States	31.1
5.	Pueblo Viejo	Dominican Republic	29.7
6th	Yanacocha	Peru	28.6
7th	Carlin	United States	27.6
8th.	Peñasquinto	Mexico	26.8
9.	Lihir	Papua New Guinea	25.0
10.	Boddington	Australia	24.7

World funding

The following statistic of gold production before 1900 is an estimate. The information is based on Soetbeer: Materials for Explanation and Assessment of Precious Metal Ratios (2. A. Berlin 1886), from 1886 onwards according to the Statistical Abstract of the United States , from 1901 onwards according to the USGS .

Development of global gold production from 1900

World production in tons before 1900

Years Prod. In t Value in million marks (1906) 1493-1520 5,800 16,182 1521-1544 7.160 19.976 1545-1560 8.510 23.742 1561-1580 6.840 19,083 1581-1600 7.380 20,590 1601-1620 8.520 23.771 1621-1640 8,300 23.157 1641-1660 8.770 24,468 1661-1680 9.260 25.835 1681-1700 10.765 30.034 1701-1720 12,820 35.768 1721-1740 10,080 53.233 1741-1760 24.610 68.662 1761-1780 20,705 57.767 1781-1800 17.790 49.634 1801-1810 17.778 49,600 1811-1820 11.445 31,932 1821-1830 14.216 39.663 1831-1840 20.289 56,606

Years Prod. In t Value in million marks (1906) 1841-1850 54.759 152.777 1851-1855 199,388 556,308 1856-1860 201.750 562.899 1861-1865 185.057 516,326 1866-1870 195.026 544.139 1871-1875 173.904 485.207 1876-1880 172.434 481.098 1881-1885 148.137 416,098 1886-1890 169.842 470,409 1891-1895 245.756 673.718 1896 327,081 812,000 1897 381.624 954,000 1898 460,802 1,152,000 1899 501.108 1,254,000 1900 386.176 1,084,563 1901 - 1,095.495 1902 - 1,266,566 1903 - 1,340,437 1904 - 1,427.974

World production in tons from 1900

year Prod. 1900 386 1901 395 1902 451 1903 496 1904 526 1905 575 1906 608 1907 623 1908 668 1909 687 1910 689 1911 699 1912 705 1913 694 1914 663

year Prod. 1915 704 1916 685 1917 631 1918 578 1919 550 1920 507 1921 498 1922 481 1923 554 1924 592 1925 591 1926 602 1927 597 1928 603 1929 609

year Prod. 1930 648 1931 695 1932 754 1933 793 1934 841 1935 924 1936 1030 1937 1100 1938 1170 1939 1230 1940 1310 1941 1080 1942 1120 1943 896 1944 813

year Prod. 1945 762 1946 860 1947 900 1948 932 1949 964 1950 879 1951 883 1952 868 1953 864 1954 965 1955 947 1956 978 1957 1020 1958 1050 1959 1130

year Prod. 1960 1190 1961 1230 1962 1290 1963 1340 1964 1390 1965 1440 1966 1450 1967 1420 1968 1440 1969 1450 1970 1480 1971 1450 1972 1390 1973 1350 1974 1250

year Prod. 1975 1200 1976 1210 1977 1210 1978 1210 1979 1210 1980 1220 1981 1280 1982 1340 1983 1400 1984 1460 1985 1530 1986 1610 1987 1660 1988 1870 1989 2010

year Prod. 1990 2180 1991 2160 1992 2260 1993 2280 1994 2260 1995 2230 1996 2290 1997 2450 1998 2500 1999 2570 2000 2590 2001 2600 2002 2550 2003 2540 2004 2420

year Prod. 2005 2470 2006 2370 2007 2380 2008 2260 2009 2450 2010 2560 2011 2660 2012 2690 2013 2800 2014 2990 2015 3100 2016 3110 2017 3230 2018 3300 2019 e 3300

Gold production maximum by country

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The gold production maximum (English peak gold ) is the time at which the production rate of a mine reaches its absolute maximum. This point in time is reached when around half of the recoverable gold has been mined and is therefore dependent on the technical effort involved and the gold price that can be achieved on the world market . The point in time of the maximum production rate of a country can only be determined with certainty several years after its occurrence.

The peak of gold mining was a few years or decades ago for two of the ten largest producers. The previous maximum was only in the People's Republic of China and Ghana in 2009. The following table shows the year in which the production of a country reached its absolute peak, the current production and its share of the maximum. All figures relate to the states within their current borders.

Promotion in kilograms

Rank (2010)	country	Maximum (year)	Maximum (amount)	Quantity (2010)	Quantity 2010 in% of the maximum
1.	People's Republic of China	2010	340,880	340,880	100.0
2.	Australia	1997	314.090	260,000	82.8
3.	United States	1998	366.411	228,000	62.2
4th	Russia	1989	304,000	201,300	66.2
5.	South Africa	1970	1,000,417	188,701	18.9
6th	Peru	2005	207,822	148.920	71.7
7th	Indonesia	2001	166.090	104,535	62.9
8th.	Canada	1991	176,552	98.297	55.7
9.	Ghana	2010	92,380	92,380	100.0
10.	Mexico	2010	79,376	79,376	100.0
11.	Uzbekistan	1999	88,100	73,000	82.9
12.	Papua New Guinea	2000	74,540	66.901	89.8
13.	Argentina	2010	58,079	58,079	100.0
14th	Brazil	1990	101,728	57,900	56.9
15th	Colombia	2010	53,606	53,606	100.0
16.	Philippines	2010	40,847	40,847	100.0
17th	Chile	2000	54,143	39,494	72.9
18th	Tanzania	2004	48.176	39,448	81.9
19th	Mali	2002	56,028	38,524	68.8
20th	Kazakhstan	2010	29,941	29,941	100.0
21st	Guinea	2005	25.097	24,836	99.0
22nd	Burkina Faso	2010	22,504	22,504	100.0
23.	Kyrgyzstan	2001	24,670	18,464	74.8
24.	Turkey	2010	16,400	16,400	100.0
25th	New Zealand	2010	13,469	13,469	100.0
26th	Togo	2010	13,000	13,000	100.0
27.	Suriname	2010	12,933	12,933	100.0
28.	Zimbabwe	1999	27,114	9,620	35.5
29	Guatemala	2010	9.213	9.213	100.0
30th	Guyana	2001	14,179	8,744	61.7

supply and demand

The demand for physical gold is greater than the supply from mine production. The equilibrium is established by recycling (scrap) and, if necessary, by hedging the producers. In 2010, the central banks switched on balance from the seller to the buyer side.

Figures in tons

	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
offer	4205	3701	3763	3625	3937	3412	4016	3572	3471	3513	4100	4319	4531	4555	4330	4499	4448	4747	4587	4694	4812
Mine production	2602	2618	2645	2618	2621	2493	2548	2486	2476	2409	2608	2748	2857	2929	3110	3206	3313	3427	3457	3529	3480
Producer hedging	506	-15	-151	-412	-289	-438	-92	-410	-444	-346	-236	-109	23	-45	-28	105	13	38	-26	-12	21st
Central bank sales	477	479	520	547	620	479	663	370	484	236	34	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reprocessing	620	619	749	872	985	878	897	1126	956	1217	1695	1679	1651	1671	1248	1188	1121	1282	1156	1178	1312
demand	3911	3821	3727	3360	3194	3498	3733	3405	3552	3806	3619	4178	4770	4656	4571	4407	4352	4350	4285	4441	4384
Jewelry industry	3139	3204	3008	2660	2482	2613	2708	2284	2405	2187	1814	2045	2096	2141	2736	2543	2478	2017	2256	2283	2134
electronics	247	283	197	206	233	262	281	308	311	293	275	327	317	289	279	278	262	256	266	268	263
Other industry	99	99	97	83	81	84	88	91	93	87	82	88	76	65	54	51	51	50	51	51	50
Dentistry	66	69	69	69	67	68	62	61	58	56	53	46	36	28	23	20th	19th	18th	16	15th	14th
retail trade	359	166	357	339	292	339	386	401	432	862	779	1204	1502	1312	1731	1067	1092	1073	1047	1092	871
ETF and the like	0	0	0	3	39	133	208	260	253	321	617	389	261	251	-882	-153	-129	541	271	75	404
Central bank purchases	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	79	481	569	629	601	580	395	379	656	648
Surplus / deficit	294	-120	36	265	743	-86	283	167	-81	-293	480	141	-239	-101	-240	92	96	397	302	252	428

Consumer demand by country

Listed are the 10 countries with the highest consumer demand for gold in tonnes (jewelry and retail, i.e. bars and coins) and their share of global consumer demand. Around half of global consumer demand comes from China and India.

Figures in tons (2019)

rank	country	Jewelry industry	single trade	total	Share in%
1.	People's Republic of China	638.0	211.1	849.1	28.4
2.	India	544.6	145.8	690.4	23.1
3.	United States	131.1	19.6	150.7	5.0
4th	Germany	10.6	91.2	101.8	3.4
6th	Turkey	36.5	52.9	89.4	3.0
5.	Iran	30.5	39.1	69.6	2.3
9.	Vietnam	17.3	39.1	56.4	1.9
8th.	Indonesia	40.4	14.2	54.5	1.8
10.	Russia	44.5	2.7	47.2	1.6
7th	Saudi Arabia	37.9	8.8	46.7	1.6
	world	2,118.6	871.3	2,989.8	100.0

See also

• Silver / tables and graphs
• Platinum Metals / Tables and Graphs
• Gold price
• Silver price
• Platinum price

literature

• Soetbeer: Materials for explaining and assessing the precious metal ratios. 2nd edition Berlin 1886

Web links

• US Geological Survey
• British Geological Survey
• Gold mining from 1900

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} United States Geological Survey: Gold Statistics and Information
2. ↑ Zijin Mining Group: Annual Report 2017, Summary Review p. 23
3. ^ ^{A b} British Geological Survey: World mineral statistics archive
4. ↑ Mining.com: The world's top 10 largest gold mining companies - 2017
5. ↑ US Global Investors: Here Are the World's Top 10 Gold Producing Mines
6. ↑ United States Geological Survey: Historical Statistics
7. ↑ ^{a b} World Gold Council: Gold Demand Trends