Gouhou

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Gouhou
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Location:
Gonghe County, Hainan Autonomous District, Qinghai Province , China
Tributaries: Cha-pu-cha-Bach
Major cities nearby: Qabqa ( 36 ° 16 ′  N , 100 ° 37 ′  E )
Gouhou (Qinghai)
Gouhou
Coordinates 36 ° 23 '43 "  N , 100 ° 34' 54"  E Coordinates: 36 ° 23 '43 "  N , 100 ° 34' 54"  E
Data on the structure
Construction time: 1988
Height of the barrier structure : 71 m
Height of the structure crown: 3281  m
Crown length: 265 m
Crown width: 7 m
Data on the reservoir
Altitude (at congestion destination ) 3279  m
Storage space 3.3 million m³

The Gouhou Dam was a 71 m high dam in Gonghe County, Hainan Autonomous District, Qinghai Province , China . The dam was built in 1988, it broke on August 27, 1993, causing a catastrophic flood.

The dam

The 71 m high dam was made of sand and gravel with a surface seal made of cement concrete . The dam material was very permeable and there had been leaks of water from the dam years before. There were only a few measuring devices.

The catastrophe

Experts believe that an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 according to Richter , which occurred in April 1990, weakened the dam. In the weeks before the break, the water level had risen by 16 m to almost full damming; but it was not the first jam.

The direct cause was a leak in the seal, which eroded the dam material. The start of the break was noticed at 9:15 p.m. The residents of the city of Quiapoqia, 13 km below, were warned by motorcycle, but not all were able to save themselves when the tidal wave reached the city at 11:50 p.m. Reports say 30,000 people were evacuated after unusual noises were heard at the dam.

According to various sources, more than 240, 300, 342 or even 1200 to 1250 people died as a result of the tidal wave ; property damage amounted to approximately 153 million yuan, or 18 million US dollars. Other figures speak of 26 million US dollars or 25 million Swiss francs in damage. The flood also left 3,000 people homeless. 866 hectares of arable land and 1,300 hectares of forest were flooded.

See also

A breach was created in the dam, which was 137 m wide at the top of the dam and 61 m further down. Around 2.61 million m³ are said to have flowed off and generated a peak discharge of 1500 m³ / s.

literature

  • Hydropower and Dams, Vol. 1, Issue 1, January 1994.
  • Josef Brauns: On the hydraulic safety of dams with synthetic seals . Water management 84, 11 1994.

Web links

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  1. ↑ a b Daniel Vischer: Break of a Chinese dam, in: Wasser Energie Luft - Eau Energie Air 86 (1994) No. 3/4, p. 114, ISSN  0377-905X
  2. ^ China - Dam Burst Aug 1993 UN DHA Situation Reports 1–4.
  3. ↑ KATARISK - Disasters and Emergencies in Switzerland (PDF file, 2.4 MB).