Magnitude (force)
This is a compilation of forces of different magnitudes for comparison purposes. The information is often to be understood as “typical values”; the converted values are rounded.
Basic unit of force in the international system of units is 1 Newton ( unit mark N ), the symbols F .
Forces less than or equal to piconewtons
- 3.6 · 10 −47 N: gravity between proton and electron in the hydrogen atom .
- 8.9 · 10 −30 N: weight of an electron on the earth's surface.
- 1.6 · 10 −26 N: weight of a hydrogen atom on the earth's surface.
- 5 · 10 −24 N: Force that was necessary to synchronize the atomic oscillation of an ultracold atom in a Paul trap with an external radio frequency.
1 piconewton is a trillionth of a newton (10 −12 N).
- With the atomic force microscope , forces on a small leaf spring of up to 0.1 pN can be detected. This can be used for examining surfaces.
Nanonewtons
1 nanonewton (1 nN) is one billionth of a newton (10 −9 N).
- 1.6 nN: force to break the bond between two carbon atoms.
Micronewtons
1 micronewton (1 μN) is a millionth of a newton (10 −6 N).
- 820 μN: Electric force on an electron in the hydrogen atom.
- 20 μN: Force effect per meter of conductor length between two parallel , infinitely long, straight conductors with a negligibly small, circular cross-section and a distance of 1 m in a vacuum , if the conductors are traversed by a constant electrical current of 1 ampere .
- 1–150 μN: Force effect of an ion thruster , as it should be used in Laser Interferometer Space Antenna .
Millinewton
1 millinewton (1 mN) is a thousandth of a newton (10 −3 N).
Newton
- 1 Newton (1 N) is the amount of force needed to provide a dormant body mass kg 1 within one second uniformly to the speed to accelerate .
- 1 N is the weight that acts on a body weighing 102 grams (e.g. a chocolate bar with packaging).
- 9.81 N is the weight of a body with a mass of 1 kilogram on earth.
- 720 N: Average bite force of a person.
Kilonewtons
1 kilonewton (1 kN) is a thousand newtons (10 3 N).
- 1 kN roughly corresponds to the weight that acts on a mass of 100 kg.
- 9 kN corresponds roughly to the bite force of a full-grown alligator.
- 9.81 kN is the weight of the mass of one ton on earth.
- 100 kN: The force exerted by the seat belt and airbag on a car occupant when a car hits a rigid obstacle at around 100 km / h.
- 890 kN: Maximum driving force of a large diesel locomotive.
Meganewton
1 meganewtons (1 MN) is 1 million newtons (10 6 N).
- 1.8 MN: Thrust of a main engine of a space shuttle .
- 1.9 MN: weight of a very large blue whale .
- 35 MN: Total thrust of a Saturn V rocket.
Giganewton
1 Giganewtons (1 GN) are one billion Newtons (10 9 N).
Teranewton
1 Teranewton (1 TN) is one trillion Newtons (10 12 N).
Petanewtons and Beyond
1 petanewton (1 PN) is 1 quadrillion newtons (10 15 N).
- 2.0 · 10 20 N: gravitational force between the earth and the moon
- 3.5 · 10 22 N: gravitational force between earth and sun
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Hugh D. Young, University Physics . 4th ed. Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1992.
- ↑ S. Knünz u. a .: Injection Locking of a Trapped-Ion Phonon Laser . In: Physical Review Letters . tape 105 , no. 1 , 2010, p. 013004 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.105.013004 .
- ↑ Press release of the MPI "Individual Atoms as Highly Sensitive Force Detectors" ( Memento from May 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Alexander Liebig, Angelo Peronio, Daniel Meuer, Alfred J. Weymouth, Franz J. Giessibl: High-precision atomic force microscopy with atomically-characterized tips. In: New Journal of Physics. June 21, 2020, accessed July 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Christian Meier: Grenzflächephysik: Smallest towing service in the world. In: Spektrum.de. February 21, 2008, accessed February 10, 2016 .
- ^ Forces involved at the biological level
- ↑ The International System of Units (SI) . German translation of the BIPM brochure "Le Système international d'unités / The International System of Units (8e edition, 2006)". In: PTB-Mitteilungen . tape 117 , no. 2 , 2007, p. 156 ( online version [PDF; 1.4 MB ]). Online version (PDF; 1.4 MB) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Paul McNamara: Presentation on LISA ( Memento from February 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.2 MB).
- ^ TE Houston: Bite Force and Bite Pressure: Comparisons of Humans and Dogs. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Scribd. 2003, archived from the original on January 24, 2011 ; accessed on February 10, 2016 .
- ↑ 9452 N, see Gregory M. Erickson, A. Kristopher Lappin, Kent A. Vliet: The ontogeny of bite-force performance in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) . In: Journal of Zoology . tape 260 , no. 3 , July 2003, p. 317-327 , doi : 10.1017 / S0952836903003819 .
- ↑ Lawrence Weinstein and John A. Adams, Guesstimation , 2008, Section 6.3.1
- ↑ Space Shuttle Main Engine ( Memento from November 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ What Was the Saturn V? ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The Earth-Moon Equations ( Memento from February 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Planet Alignments