Order of magnitude (dose equivalent)
This is a compilation of equivalent doses of ionizing radiation for comparison purposes. The information is often to be understood as “typical values”; the converted values are rounded.
If no period is given, it is short-term irradiation, i.e. delivery of the specified dose within a few hours at the most. If the same dose is distributed over a longer period of time, biological healing processes start already during the irradiation, so that the effects are less.
The basic unit of the dose equivalent H in the international system of units is the Sievert ( unit symbol Sv). The equivalent dose should not be confused with the absorbed dose D (unit: Gray , Gy), the organ dose , the equivalent dose rate (equivalent dose per time) or the activity A (unit: Becquerel , Bq).
1 µSv to 10 µSv
- 1 µSv maximum permitted hourly dose at a distance of 10 cm from a tube screen
- X-ray 5 µSv jaw
10 µSv to 100 µSv
- 20 µSv lung x-ray (frontal)
- 80 µSv transatlantic flight
100 µSv to 1 mSv
- 400 µSv annual exposure to cosmic rays (strongly dependent on the height above sea level )
- 700 µSv average annual radiation dose from natural radiation
1 mSv to 10 mSv
- 1 mSv maximum dose for a fetus by birth
- 2 mSv cranial computed tomography
- 3 mSv average annual dose for a European (including technical and medical applications)
- 6 mSv maximum annual dose for underage trainees in exposed occupations
10 mSv to 100 mSv
- 10 mSv pelvic computed tomography
- 15 mSv operational dose for an Austrian firefighter
- 20 mSv maximum dose for radiation-exposed workers per year in Europe
- 50 mSv maximum dose for exposed workers per year in the United States
100 mSv to 1 Sv
- 100 mSv life-saving dose (max. 1 time per year; when used to save lives) for an Austrian firefighter
- 175 mSv annual dose on Guarapari beach in Brazil (highest natural radiation exposure)
- 200 mSv Dose from which acute radiation damage (e.g. changes in blood count ) occurs
- 250 mSv disaster dose (max. Once in a lifetime; in the event of a disaster) for an Austrian firefighter
- 400 mSv maximum dose for workers exposed to radiation throughout their working life in Europe
- 500 mSv dose up to which no acute subjective symptoms occur.
1 Sv to 10 Sv
- 1 Sv dose at a distance of 2 km from the Hiroshima atomic bomb ; acute radiation sickness, long-term damage, <10% mortality after 30 days
- 2 Sv dose at a distance of 1.5 km from the Hiroshima atomic bomb; acute radiation sickness, long-term damage, 20% mortality after 30 days
- 5 Sv dose that is fatal for 50% of those exposed within 30 days ( LD 50 )
- 6 Sv Dose from which (almost) all patients die within 14 days
10 Sv to 100 Sv
- 13 Sv maximum dose that workers were exposed to in the Chernobyl disaster
- 80 Sv Dose that leads to immediate death
See also
- Radiation sickness
- Radiation exposure , especially to cosmic rays
Individual evidence
- ↑ X-ray ordinance ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Comparison of doses from sources of exposure
- ↑ a b c Computed tomography and radiation dose: diagnostic benefits and risks ( pdf online , 859 kB)
- ↑ a b c How high is the natural radiation exposure in Germany? - External radiation exposure from cosmic and terrestrial radiation. Federal Office for Radiation Protection, September 30, 2015, accessed on June 16, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c d e Radiation limit values for Germany and Europe
- ↑ a b Limit values in occupational radiation protection. Federal Office for Radiation Protection, June 15, 2016, accessed on June 16, 2016 .
- ↑ Hot Spots: Earth's 5 Most Naturaly Radioactive Places
- ↑ a b c d Ionizing radiation - immediately fatal in high doses
- ↑ a b c Radiation Exposure & Van Allen Belt
