Graduation house (Bad Reichenhall)
The graduation house in the spa gardens of Bad Reichenhall is a graduation house for brine , which was built between 1909 and 1910 under the direction of Eugen Drollinger as an open-air inhalatorium .
The graduation house is registered as part of the spa garden under the number D-1-72-114-50 in the Bavarian list of monuments.
Building description
The building is 163 meters long and 23 meters high at the central pavilion. It is an elongated building with central and side pavilions and open walkways running around both sides. The lavishly designed wooden post construction on the upper floor rests on a simple concrete frame construction that also supports the central brushwood wall.
The brushwood walls consist of about 100 cm to 120 cm long, stacked blackthorn branches of the sloe and are 13 meters high and 148 meters long, so there are around 1,920 square meters of grading area available on each side.
The grading itself takes place largely in the conventional manner, usually from April to October. On the side facing the wind, five percent brine trickles from the old salt works over the thorn walls. The inhalation effect is greater on the opposite side, where no brine trickles, because the air flow carries the salt particles with it.
Guided tours are offered regularly from April to October, during which, among other things, the old technology in the attic of the graduation house is viewed and explained.
history
In Bad Reichenhall, the first attempts to evaporate brine with the help of solar radiation and the wind in order to increase the salt content go back to the 17th century. In 1615, the first "Lickwork" was built, which was based on the system of straw grading. However, the plant did not meet the expectations placed on it, and operation was stopped after just one year.
The Dornwand Graduation House, built in 1745, was too small at 18 meters in length. Therefore, in 1758, a graduation tower was built based on Hessian models, which was 160 meters long and 19 meters high. The brine was lifted into the attic of the graduation house by pumps. An undershot waterwheel drove these pumps. In the years 1761 to 1764, a second graduation building was built directly afterwards, which was connected to the first building with a walkway in the attic. After the system was extended again in 1790, its total length was 430 meters. In 1848 a completely new building replaced the facility. The location and orientation of the previous building were adopted and the building was extended to 720 meters. The brine was now lifted by new pumps designed by Georg von Reichenbach , which were driven by a water wheel.
From 1846 the spa guests of the Achselmannstein bath used the neighboring graduation towers as an open-air inhalatorium, because the salty air could be inhaled there. Between 1869 and 1888, most of the Reichenhall graduation works were demolished, as the development of saline technology made complex grading unnecessary. A 170 meter long part was left standing so that it could still be used for spa purposes. The Gradierhauswiese was landscaped in the 1850s and in 1868 today's spa gardens were laid out according to plans by the Royal Court Garden Inspector Carl von Effner . The graduation house was rebuilt in 1872 for the needs of the spa guests. Raised, covered walkways were added on both sides. In 1910 a new graduation house was built, planned by the royal court chief building officer Eugen Drollinger . The new building had nothing of a sober industrial building like its predecessor, but was entirely geared towards its function as an open-air inhalatorium.
From 1981 to 1983 the building was completely renovated. The last major renovation took place between 2008 and 2011.
Web links
- Graduation house on bad-reichenhall.de
literature
- Fritz Hofmann : From the grading of the brine for salt production to the graduation house for spa guests. Homeland Gazette No. 7, 1982.
- Johannes Lang : History of Bad Reichenhall. Schmidt, Neustadt / Aisch 2009, ISBN 978-3-87707-759-7 .
- Johannes Lang, Josefine Unterhauser: In the garden of healing. The history of the royal spa gardens in Bad Reichenhall. Noricum, Bad Reichenhall 2005, ISBN 3-9809580-4-3 .
Coordinates: 47 ° 43 ′ 41.6 ″ N , 12 ° 52 ′ 52.1 ″ E