Gradual triplex
Graduale Triplex is a Latin chorale book of Gregorian chant for the Roman Catholic Mass . It was published in 1979 by the French Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes .
history
The Graduale Triplex arose from the need for a rhythmic notation of Gregorian chant that was as precise as possible . It is the recognition of the Gregorian semiology of the last decades that the older Neume writings reproduce the rhythm of the pieces more precisely than the younger square notation , which has been used since the 12th century and which in turn describes the melodic progression more precisely. Attempts to develop a new notation for Gregorian chant that perfectly reproduces both aspects only slowly lead to satisfactory results, so that the double notation (i.e. the reproduction of both notations) currently still represents the optimal written reproduction of the chorale melodies.
A first approach to this was the Graduel neumé , published in 1966 , based on the Graduale Romanum in the 1908 edition. It is a partially photomechanical reproduction of the hand copy of Dom Eugène Cardine (1905–1988) and contains his handwritten entries in the St. Gallen neumes for many chorale melodies.
The Graduale Triplex is a complete photomechanical reproduction based on the Graduale Romanum published in 1974 , which reproduces the pieces in square notation. In this gradual , the chorale melodies were also entered - as far as possible - in two different neumas so that most of the melodies now appear in triple notation (hence the name triplex , 'three-fold'). In detail, the following templates (among others) were used:
- Metzer Neumen based on Codex No. 239 of the Laon Library (scribe: Marie-Claire Billecocq, Venière Abbey, France; printed in black)
- St. Galler Neumen mainly based on the Codex Sangallensis 359 of the St. Gallen Abbey Library and the Codex Einsidlensis 121 of the Einsiedeln Abbey Library (scribe: Rupert Fischer OSB, Metten Abbey , Bavaria; printed in red)
The Graduale Triplex is currently considered one of the most important tools for studying and adequately interpreting Gregorian chant.
The Offertoriale Triplex was published in 1985, based on editing principles similar to those of the Graduale Triplex .
See also
- Chorale book
- List of liturgical books
- AISCGre (Associazione Internazionale Studi di Canto Gregoriano)
literature
expenditure
- Gradual triplex. Seu Graduale Romanum Pauli PP. VI cura recognitum & rhythmicis signis a Solesmensibus monachis ornatum Neumis Laudunensibus (Cod. 239) et Sangallensibus (Codicum San Gallensis 359 et Einsidlensis 121) nunc auctum. Abbaye Saint Pierre, Sablé sur Sarthe 1979, ISBN 2-85274-044-3 (new edition, ibid 1987).
- Eugène Cardine : Graduel neumé. Abbaye Saint-Pierre, Solesmes 1966.
- Rupert Fischer (Ed.): Offertiorale Triplex. Cum versiculis. Nouvelle édition du livre publié sous le titre “Offertoires neumés”. Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, Sablé-sur-Sarthe 1985, ISBN 2-85274-042-7 .
Tools
- Dominique Fournier: Concordance textuelle du graduale romanum triplex et des versets de l'offertoriale triplex (= Subsidia Gregoriana. Vol. 5). Abbaye Saint-Pierre, Solesmes 1996, ISBN 2-85274-176-8 .
- Matthias Kreuels : indices of the manuscripts St. Gallen 359, 339, 376 (390/391), Einsiedeln 121, Bamberg lit. 6, Laon 239, Chartes 47, Mont-Renaud (Noyon), Montpellier H 159, Paris BN lat. 776 (Albi), Paris BN lat. 903 (St. Yrieix), Benevento 33, 34, Rome Vat. Lat. 10673 , Rome Biblioteca Angelica 123, Graz University Library 807 (Klosterneuburg) on Graduale Triplex and Offertoriale Triplex. = Indices for Graduale triplex and Offertoriale triplex (= contributions to Gregorian chant. Special issue). Bosse, Regensburg 1989, ISBN 3-7649-1800-4 .
- Jacques-Marie Guilmard: Tonaire des pièces de la messe selon le Graduale triplex et l'Offertoriale triplex. Tables (= Subsidia Gregoriana. Vol. 2). Abbaye Saint-Pierre, Solesmes 1991, ISBN 2-85274-138-5 .
- Luigi Agustoni : Gregorian chant. In: Hans Musch (ed.): Music in worship. Volume 1: Historical basics, liturgy, liturgical chant. 5th, unchanged edition. ConBrio, Regensburg 1994, ISBN 3-930079-21-6 , pp. 199-356.
- Godehard Joppich : The Gregorian Chant. In: Hans Gebhard (Ed.): Harenberg Chormusikführer. Harenberg, Dortmund 1999, ISBN 3-611-00817-6 , pp. 947-954.
