Graeme Clark
Graeme Milbourne Clark (born August 16, 1935 in Australia ) is an Australian ENT doctor and surgeon who was instrumental in the development of the cochlear implant .
Clark wanted ear, nose and throat medicine at an early age after seeing his father go deaf as a teenager. He studied medicine at the University of Sydney (bachelor's degree in medicine, bachelor's degree in medicine, MBBS 1957). In 1961 he continued his education in Great Britain and went to the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital. After returning to Australia, he and colleagues had an ear, nose and throat practice in Melbourne . But soon afterwards (1966) he went to the University of Sydney to do research on the cochlear implant. In 1969 he received his PhD (middle ear and neural hearing functions and in the treatment of deafness) and obtained his master's degree in surgery that same year. In 1970 he became a professor at the University of Melbourne (professor of throat and ear medicine and head of this department). In 2004 he retired. In 1983 he founded the Bionic Ear Institute, of which he was director.
He showed that with a few electrodes in the cochlea in the inner ear, an auditory impression could be generated by stimulating the responsible nerves. In 1978 he and Brian Pyman performed the first cochlear implantation at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital on the patient Rod Saunders, who had lost his hearing at the age of 46. The correct signal setting for the cochlear implant could now be studied on him, working together with his post-doctoral student Yit Chow Tong. Development was successful and clinical tests began in 1982. In 1985, he also began implanting children’s implants, and in 1990 the cochlear implants were approved by the US FDA .
Cochlear implants were developed in Australia by the company Cochlear, which was founded in 1981 .
In 1970 he was instrumental in founding the Deafness Foundation of Victoria .
In 1985 he received the Australian Prime Minister's Science Award. In 1997 he became an officer and in 1999 a member of the Order of Australia . In 2004 he became a friend of the Royal Society and in 1998 of the Australian Academy of Sciences. In 2004 he was awarded the Prime Minister's Prizes for Science , 2007 the Zülch Prize , 2010 the Lister Medal , 2013 the Lasker ~ DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award and 2014 the Russ Prize of the National Academy of Engineering . At the 13th International Congress for Cochlear Implants in 2014 in Munich, he received the “Hear For Life Award” in recognition of his life's work from the specialist journal Otology .
Fonts
- Cochlear Implants: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, 2003
- Sounds from Silence, Allen and Unwin. Sydney, 2000 (autobiography)
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Clark, Graeme |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Clark, Graeme Milbourne |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Australian ear, nose and throat doctor and surgeon |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 16, 1935 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Australia |