Gray belt puppet tensioner
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Gray belt puppet wrench ( Cyclophora pendularia ) |
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| Cyclophora pendularia | ||||||||||||
| ( Clerck , 1759) |
The Gray Belt Puppet Tensioner ( Cyclophora pendularia ), also called Pale Ringelfleck Belt Puppet Tensioner, is a night butterfly from the group of the Tensioners (Geometridae).
features
butterfly
The moths have a wingspan of 20 to 26 mm (up to 29 mm). The second generation is significantly smaller (up to 20 mm). The apex of the fore wing is pointed. The terms of the hind and fore wings are usually somewhat angled. The drawing is relatively constant, the coloring varies a little more. The basic color is usually brown-gray, light gray to dark gray. The discal spots are white and darker, mostly outlined in brown-red. The central band is serrated and darker than the basic color, usually more or less dusty brown-red. Over-dusting can form larger, coherent spots, especially on the hind wings. The inner and outer transverse lines are each broken up into a series of black dots. The hem is covered with black spots on the hem.
Egg, caterpillar and pupa
The egg is elongated and the outside is covered with fine, winding ribs. The color is initially whitish-green, later changing to yellow-gray. The caterpillar is greenish or red-brown with a narrow, black-lined back line and dark lines on the side. The head is reddish. The doll is somewhat flattened and has pointed projections on both sides. It is greenish-brown to yellow-brown. The Kremaster has six strong, curved bristles. As with all species of the genus Cyclophora, it is a girdle doll.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is distributed from the Iberian Peninsula ( Asturias , Galicia , Northern Portugal), France and the British Isles (southern part) in the west over large parts of Central Europe, central Russia to Siberia. In the north the species occurs as far as central Fennoscandia , in the south on the Italian peninsula up to the height of Rome, on the Balkan peninsula up to Bulgaria and the European part of Turkey. It is generally absent in the southern Mediterranean. Isolated occurrences can be found in the Caucasus region. In the distribution area, the species is usually rare or only a little more common locally. It is generally absent in higher areas.
The species prefers alluvial forests in river valleys, swamp forests and moist deciduous forests, but also moats that are made up of sal willows or small willow bushes. It is a typical lowland species that occurs from 0 to about 300 m above sea level, very rarely up to 500 m.
Phenology and way of life
The species usually forms two generations a year. The moths fly from late April to early June and then again in July and August. Only one generation is formed in Fennoscandia, the moths of which fly in June and July. The moths are nocturnal and are attracted to artificial light sources. They can also be baited. They were on pipes grasses ( Molinia observed) as they sucked nectar. The caterpillars can be found from August to October and then again from May to July. According to current knowledge, the caterpillars live exclusively on pastures ( Salix sp.), Especially on the Sal willow ( Salix caprea ), at least in Central Europe . The 2nd generation caterpillars pupate in October. The girdle doll is attached to leaves and twigs upside down. It usually falls to the ground with the falling leaves in autumn, where it then hibernates.
Systematics
The species was first scientifically described in 1759 by Carl Alexander Clerck under the name Phalaena pendularia . The gray belt puppet tensioner can often be found in older identification works under the name Cyclophora orbicularia Huebner, 1799. However, this name is a more recent synonym of Cyclophora pendularia (Clerck, 1759). The synonymy was only recognized relatively late in 1941.
Danger
The species is considered endangered in Germany. The degree of danger differs from state to state. In North Rhine-Westphalia , Hamburg and Saxony-Anhalt it is even threatened with extinction.
swell
literature
- Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-800-13497-7
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. In A. Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 87-88757-37-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hausmann, pp. 396-399
- ↑ [1] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ebert & Steiner, p. 80
- ↑ Ebert & Steiner, p. 74
- ↑ [2]
