grml
| grml | |
|---|---|
|
|
| developer | Michael Prokop u. a. |
| License (s) | GPL |
| Current version |
2020.06 of June 24, 2020 (65 days ago) |
| ancestry |
GNU / Linux ↳ Debian GNU / Linux ↳ grml |
| Architecture (s) | x86 , AMD64 |
| www.grml.org | |
grml (pronounced: grummel) is a Debian- based Linux distribution that has existed since January 2005 and runs primarily as a live system . Grml was designed as a small rescue system with a flexible start process. Originally based on Knoppix , grml has since developed into its own Debian GNU / Linux derivative , which is intended "as a rescue system for system administrators". Up to version 2014.11, Grml was based on Debian Wheezy. With the release of version 2017.05 there was a change to systemd and Debian Stretch as the basis. The maintainer is Michael Prokop, a Debian developer from Austria.
Skills
Grml is designed as a live system. The developers have since discarded the option of permanently installing it on the hard drive with its own partitions. If you want to use the advantages of Grml permanently, ideally take them over into a freshly installed Debian. With the tool grml-debootstrap this can be installed from Grml on the hard disk. With grml2usb you can install Grml on a flash memory (e.g. USB stick ) and then boot from there. Originally grml was only available for x86 (32-bit) . Has achieved since the project version 1.0, there are grml for the AMD64 - Architecture .
The flexible start process, in which control files on the start medium can be used to intervene at an early stage, is also remarkable. This enables specialized rescue systems to be created with little effort. Start parameters as defaults for the network configuration, the installation of further packages and the execution of your own scripts can be saved. WLAN with WPA is also supported.
Grml is ideal for system administrators and users of text-based tools. The capabilities of grml as a rescue system for use by these user groups are particularly evident in data recovery under ext3 file systems, since no changes are made to the file system. For example, the ext3rminator program, which is part of the Live CD, can be used to restore the majority of all files with a smaller file size. In addition to the supplied ext3rminator, external tools such as extundelete and ext3grep can also be used to restore data from ext3 file systems under grml. These tools work on the basis of the Grep command, with the help of which file fragments are copied and reassembled. They are therefore particularly suitable for rescuing text-based application files such as text files and databases. The problem here, however, is that the fragments have to be converted back into the correct file format after the copying process.
Furnishing
To keep the system compact, the large WIMP desktop environments KDE and Gnome are not used. Instead, small, fast window managers such as fluxbox , openbox and wmii are used.
For reasons of space, grml does without demanding packages such as Apache OpenOffice or GIMP and instead provides a variety of flexible programs, including those that some other live CDs do not include. The zsh is used as an interactive shell, but Bash , ksh and Dash are also available as alternatives .
variants
Former variants
grml-medium
From February 2008 (Grml 1.1) to 2011.05 existed grml-medium, which was located between the standard version and grml-small. An X server and the Fluxbox window manager are included, but the scope was still smaller than with Grml-full. As an ISO image, Grml Medium was smaller than 200 MB in the first version and about 210 MB later.
Current variants
grml-small
Grml-small is a minimalistic rescue system that is around 150MB in size as an ISO file. It is intended for repairing damaged systems. While application-oriented packages such as graphical user interfaces, man pages etc. are dispensed with, grml-small contains the most important utilities for diagnosing and eliminating network and mass storage problems. Fast decompression provides software with an original size of approx. 300 MB and a compressed image size of approx. 150 MB. This means that the system fits, for example, on a small 256 MB USB storage device ( USB stick ) or business card CD-ROMs.
grml-full
As of version 2012.05, the standard Grml was given its own name grml-full for the first time. As an ISO file, it is around 350MB in size. It has all the features. A graphical user interface ( Fluxbox ) and e.g. Firefox (or Iceweasel ) is installed. Instead of three, six ttys are activated. In addition, some other programs are installed for the console that no longer had space on the slimmed-down version. Up to version 2011.05 this version was about 700 MB in size; Due to the "grml-96" variant that was then introduced, which contains the 32- and 64-bit version, only half of a CD-ROM is available for each of the two architectures.
Architectures
Both grml-small and grml-full are offered for the architectures i686 (32 bit) and x86_64 (64 bit). In addition, both variants are available in a combined (and therefore twice as large) version, which consists of both architectures and automatically detects when the CPU is booted whether the CPU is capable of 64-bit mode and then starts the appropriate system. This variant was formerly called "Out for both" and today it was called grml-96 and was first published with version 2011.12.
history
| version | Release Date | designation |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | October 22, 2004 | OS 04 |
| 0.2 | January 10, 2005 | Satura |
| 0.3 | March 4, 2005 | Cough stopper |
| 0.4 | May 15, 2005 | Egg fun |
| 0.1-small | July 5, 2005 | Conclusion |
| 0.5 | October 24, 2005 | Tocolytics |
| 0.6 | January 22, 2006 | Winter slumber |
| 0.2-small | January 22, 2006 | Corry |
| 0.7 | April 10, 2006 | Bootenschnitzl |
| 0.8 | August 13, 2006 | Sparkenzutzler |
| 0.9 | December 6, 2006 | Dioptrienotto |
| 0.3-small | December 6, 2006 | Dwarf uprising |
| 1.0 | May 18, 2007 | Mile pig |
| 0.1-64 | May 18, 2007 | LiveShell |
| 0.4-small | May 18, 2007 | Jumping girl |
| 1.1 | February 25, 2008 | skunk |
| 0.2-64 | February 25, 2008 | Mushroom pickers |
| 0.1-medium | February 25, 2008 | Phew |
| 0.1-medium-64 | February 25, 2008 | Phew |
| 2008.11 | December 1, 2008 | Gorge shit |
| 2009.05 | May 31, 2009 | Paint can allergy |
| 2009.10 | October 31, 2009 | Hello Vienna |
| 2010.04 | April 29, 2010 | Grmlmonster |
| 2010.12 | December 31, 2010 | Brothers Grml |
| 2011.05 | May 30, 2011 | Just Mari |
| 2011.12 | December 23, 2011 | Servant root right |
| 2012.05 | May 29, 2012 | pony Farm |
| 2013.02 | February 27, 2013 | Grumpy Grinch |
| 2013.09 | 29th September 2013 | Yeast nudger |
| 2014.03 | March 31, 2014 | Pony wagon |
| 2014.11 | 18th November 2014 | Gschistigschasti |
| 2017.05 | May 31, 2017 | Free data soup |
| 2018.12 | December 31, 2018 | Gnackwatschn |
| 2020.06 | June 24, 2020 | Ausgehfuahangl |
Web links
- Website of grml
- grml - Linux for system administrators and text tool users (PDF; 172 kB)
- Surgical Tools - Live Toolbox for the Shell (Author: Michael Prokop)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Grml team on grml.org, accessed on 25 August 2015
- ↑ grml.org .
- ↑ grml - Knoppix variant for sysadmins: Linux Live CD relies on text-based tools , golem.de, January 11, 2005.
- ↑ grml.org: Release Notes for Grml 2014.11 - codename Gschistigschasti
- ↑ grml.org: Release Notes for Grml 2017.05 - codenamed Freedatensuppe
- ↑ grml on DistroWatch
- ↑ a b c d e Falko Benthin: Software: Distributions: Debian: Grml 2013.02: Spielverderber als Systemretter , Pro Linux, February 28, 2013.
- ↑ grml-debootstrap manpage at grml.org, accessed August 31, 2015
- ↑ ext3rminator in the grml repository, accessed on June 25, 2014
- ↑ extundelete on sourceforge.net (English), accessed on June 25, 2014
- ↑ ext3grep on Google Code, accessed June 25, 2014
- ↑ Leaflet data recovery under Ubuntu data recovery on ext3, accessed on June 25, 2014
- ↑ Package Repository on grml.org, accessed on August 25, 2015
- ↑ a b c d Linux basics: GRML 2013.02 , pcwelt.de, October 11, 2013.
- ↑ a b Software :: Distributions - grml 1.1. Pro Linux, February 26, 2008.
- ↑ It is also possible to explicitly start the 32-bit system on an x86_64 CPU
- ↑ Rescue Linux Grml 2011.12 "Knecht Rootrecht" released , heise.de, December 24, 2011.
- ↑ Sebastian Grüner: Rescue system: Grml 2011.05 published , golem.de, May 30, 2011.
- ↑ Jens Ihlenfeld: Rescue system Grml 2011.12 alias Knecht Rootrecht published , golem.de, 23 December 2011.
- ↑ Sebastian Grüner: Rescue system Grml 2012.05 alias Ponyhof published , golem.de, May 30, 2012.