Great stone graves near Emmerveld
| Great stone graves near Emmerveld Hunebed D38, Hunebed D39, Hunebed D39a, Hunebed D40 | |||
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 The large stone grave D38 near Emmen |
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| Coordinates | Emmerveld D38 , Emmerveld D39 , Emmerveld D40 | ||
| place | Emmen , Drenthe , Netherlands | ||
| Emergence | 3470 to 2760 BC Chr. | ||
| van Giffen no. | D38, D39, D39a, D40 | ||
The megalithic graves near Emmerveld are a group of originally probably four megalithic graves from the Neolithic western group of the funnel cup culture in Emmen in the Dutch province of Drenthe . Of these three are still preserved. In 1992 the remains of a destroyed fourth grave were discovered. The graves that have been preserved have the Van Giffen numbers D38 – D40, the destroyed grave has the number D39a.
location
The graves are located north of the city center of Emmen in a clearing in Valtherbos, a wooded area between Valthe , Weerdinge and Emmen. Grave D38 is the northernmost. D39 lies 30 m south of this and D40 70 m southeast of D38 and 55 m east-southeast of D39. The destroyed grave D39a was directly northeast of D39. There are numerous other large stone graves in the vicinity. 1.3 km south is the Emmen-Noord large stone grave (D41), 2 km south the Emmen-Schimmeres stone grave (D43), 2.1 km southwest the Westenesch-Noord stone grave (D42), 2.6 km south-southeast the Emmerdennen stone grave (D45), 2.8 km south-southwest the large stone grave Westenesch (D44) and 2.9 km north-northwest the large stone grave Valthe-Zuidwest (D35). 950 north-north-west in Valtherbos was the destroyed large stone grave Weerdinge (D37a). There are also a large number of burial mounds in this forest .
Research history
The existence of the graves was first mentioned on the Hottinger map drawn up between 1788 and 1792. In 1878 the first investigation was carried out by William Collings Lukis and Henry Dryden . In 1918 Albert Egges van Giffen documented the facilities for his Atlas of the Dutch Great Stone Graves and carried out an excavation at D40, which was continued in 1921. In 1925 van Giffen carried out an excavation in grave D39. In 1960 all systems were restored. In 1984 D39 was dug up again by Jan N. Lanting . In 1992, SW Jager examined the remains of the destroyed grave D39a. The facilities have been national monuments ( Rijksmonumenten ) since 1983 .
description
Grave D38
The complex is a north-east-south-west oriented passage grave . The burial chamber has a length of 8 m and a width of 3 m. It originally consisted of five pairs of wall stones on the long sides and one end stone each on the narrow sides. One wall stone is missing. Two of the original five capstones have been preserved. It is not known whether the entrance to the chamber was originally preceded by a corridor.
Grave D39
The complex is a north-northeast-south-south-west oriented passage grave. The mound can still be seen well. Van Giffen and Lanting discovered during their excavation that it was created in two phases. The first phase arose during the construction of the grave and originally reached to the cap stones. The second phase originated during the late Neolithic (2850–2000 BC) or the Bronze Age (2000–800 BC). The burial chamber has a length of 4.4 m and a width of 2.5 m. It consists of three pairs of wall stones on the long sides and a capping stone each on the narrow sides, some of which are still deep in the ground. One wall stone is missing. One of the three original capstones has survived. It is not known whether the entrance to the chamber was originally preceded by a corridor.
Grave D40
The complex is a south-southeast-north-northwest oriented passage grave. The mound was created in three phases. The burial chamber was originally covered with rolling stones. It has a length of 4.9 m and a width of 3.6 m. It consists of two pairs of wall stones on the long sides, one end stone each on the narrow sides and two cap stones. The access to the chamber is on the eastern long side. In front of it is a corridor made of two wall stones.
Grave D39a
Grave D39a consists of a flat elevation, which conceals a pit filled with stones, 5–5.5 m long and 2–2.5 m wide. Stand holes in wall stones or other indications of the original appearance of the grave could not be found. Due to the small size, it is not certain whether it was a large stone grave or a smaller stone box. No finds were made when the site was excavated.
Finds
From grave D40 and its surroundings, the fragments of 60–80 vessels and three stone tools of the funnel beaker culture as well as fragments of a late Neolithic bell beaker were recovered.
literature
- Jan Albert Bakker : The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-87962-102-9 .
- Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , p. 218 ( online version ).
- Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
- Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , pp. 183-184, 197.
- Jan N. Lanting: De NO-Nederlandse / NW-Duitse Klokbekergroep: culturele achtergrond, typologie van het aardewerk, datering, verspreiding en grafritueel. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 49/50, 2007/2008 (2008), pp. 271-273 ( online ).
- G. de Leeuw: Onze hunebedden. Gids before Drentse hunebedden en de Trechterbekerkultuur . Flint 'Nhoes, Borger 1984.
- William Collings Lukis : Report on the hunebedden of Drenthe, Netherlands. In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London. 2nd series. Volume 8, 1878, pp. 47-55 ( online ).
- Wijnand van der Sanden , Hans Dekker: Gids voor de hunebedden in Drenthe en Groningen . WBooks, Zwolle 2012, ISBN 978-9040007040 .
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: D38 Emmen , D39 Emmen , D40 Emmen
- hunebedden.nl: Hunebedden D38 en D39 , Hunebedden D40
- hunebeddeninfo.nl: D38, D39 en D40 / Emmerveld-Noord, Emmerveld-Zuidwest en Emmerveld-Zuidoost , D39a / Emmen (Valtherbos), gemeente Emmen
- JohnKuipers.ca: D38 Emmen , D39 Emmen , D40 Emmen
- cruptorix.nl: D38 , D39 , D40
Individual evidence
- ^ Anna L. Brindley : The typochronology of TRB West Group pottery. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 28, 1986, pp. 93-132 ( online ). Annual figures corrected according to Moritz Mennenga : Between Elbe and Ems. The settlements of the funnel beaker culture in northwest Germany (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 13). Habelt, Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7749-4118-2 , p. 93 ( online ).
- ^ Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: 45383 te Emmen