Great stone grave Emmerdennen

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Great stone grave Emmerdennen Hunebed D45
The large stone grave D45 near Emmen

The large stone grave D45 near Emmen
Great stone grave Emmerdennen (Netherlands)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 52 ° 47 '29.8 "  N , 6 ° 54' 28.7"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 47 '29.8 "  N , 6 ° 54' 28.7"  E
place Emmen , Drenthe , Netherlands
Emergence 3470 to 2760 BC Chr.
van Giffen no. D45

The large stone grave Emmerdennen is a megalithic grave complex of the Neolithic western group of the funnel cup culture in Emmen in the Dutch province of Drenthe . It bears the Van Giffen number D45.

location

The grave is located east of the city center of Emmen in the Emmerdennen forest area and can be reached via a forest path. There are numerous other large stone graves in the vicinity. 1.4 km to the west is the large stone grave Emmen-Schimmeres (D43), 1.8 km west-northwest is the large stone grave Emmen-Noord (D41), 2.1 km east-southeast is the large stone grave Angelslo-Noord (D46), 2.3 km east-southeast Big stone grave Angelslo-Zuid (D47), 2.5 km west the big stone grave Westenesch (D44), 2.5 km north-northeast the three big stone graves near Emmerveld (D38 – D40) and 2.6 km west the big stone grave Westenesch-Noord (D42).

Research history

The existence of the grave was first mentioned on the Hottinger map drawn up between 1788 and 1792. In 1809 it was visited by the Dutch King Ludwig Napoleon and the Landdrost of Drenthe, Petrus Hofstede . Hofstede hoped to inspire the king to preserve the large stone graves in Drenthe. During this visit the king is said to have posed on horseback on the largest capstone of the tomb. In 1870 the grave was improperly restored. In 1878 the first investigation was carried out by William Collings Lukis and Henry Dryden . In 1885 it was badly damaged. In 1918 Albert Egges van Giffen documented the facility for his atlas of the Dutch megalithic graves. In 1957 it was archaeologically examined and restored by van Giffen . Since 1983 the facility has been a national monument ( Rijksmonument ).

description

The complex is a large, east-north-east-west-south-west oriented passage grave , which was built on a dune . Thirteen stones remain from the oval enclosure, which were erected again during the restoration in 1957. Furthermore, the stand holes of 25 missing stones were filled with concrete . Van Giffen's reconstruction of the enclosure did not remain undisputed, as several stones were erected directly where they were, even if van Giffen could not find any standing holes there.

The burial chamber has an oval floor plan. It has a length of 18.5 m and a width of 4.5 m. It consists of nine wall stones on the northern and eleven on the southern long side, as well as a closing stone each on the narrow sides. Of the original nine cap stones, six have been preserved, the three eastern ones are missing. One of the capstones has a series of wedge holes. The interior of the chamber had already been completely emptied when van Giffen examined it. The access to the chamber is in the middle of the southern long side. Originally a corridor made of probably two pairs of wall stones was in front of it. Only one wall stone of the corridor is still preserved, the standing hole of the opposite one was filled with concrete.

Friedrich Laux put forward the theory that the burial chamber was built in two phases, the first of which consisted only of the two easternmost pairs of wall stones, the associated cap stones and the eastern end stone. Jan Albert Bakker thinks this is unlikely because these stones are on the slope of the dune and not on its top.

literature

  • Jan Albert Bakker : The Dutch Hunebedden. Megalithic Tombs of the Funnel Beaker Culture. International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor 1992, ISBN 1-879621-02-9 .
  • Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From 'Giant's Beds' and 'Pillars of Hercules' to accurate investigations. Sidestone Press, Leiden 2010, ISBN 9789088900341 , pp. 222-223 ( online version ).
  • Albert Egges van Giffen : De Hunebedden in Nederland , 3 volumes. Oosthoek, Utrecht 1925.
  • Evert van Ginkel , Sake Jager, Wijnand van der Sanden: Hunebedden. Monuments van een steentijdcultuur. Uniepers, Abcoude 1999, ISBN 978-9068252026 , p. 187.
  • G. de Leeuw: Onze hunebedden. Gids before Drentse hunebedden en de Trechterbekerkultuur . Flint 'Nhoes, Borger 1984.
  • William Collings Lukis : Report on the hunebedden of Drenthe, Netherlands. In: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London. 2nd series. Volume 8, 1878, pp. 47-55 ( online ).
  • Wijnand van der Sanden , Hans Dekker: Gids voor de hunebedden in Drenthe en Groningen . WBooks, Zwolle 2012, ISBN 978-9040007040 .
  • Nynke de Vries: Excavating the Elite? Social stratification based on cremated remains in the Dutch hunebedden. Master thesis, Groningen 2015 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Großsteingrab Emmerdennen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anna L. Brindley : The typochronology of TRB West Group pottery. In: Palaeohistoria. Volume 28, 1986, pp. 93-132 ( online ). Annual figures corrected according to Moritz Mennenga : Between Elbe and Ems. The settlements of the funnel beaker culture in northwest Germany (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 13). Habelt, Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7749-4118-2 , p. 93 ( online ).
  2. ^ Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed: 45374 te Emmen
  3. ^ Jan Albert Bakker: The Dutch Hunebedden. 1992, p. 113.