Group 2

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The Group 2 or inaccurate special touring cars was between the 1960s and 1981 existing production-scoring group of touring car below the Group 1 , the regulations of the former FISA , forerunner of the FIA in Appendix J of the International Sporting Code has been defined. The designation " Improved Series Touring Cars", or "Improved Touring Cars" for short, was also common, as the designation "Special Touring Cars" came into use for Group 5 .

The number of cars required was a thousand and had to be produced within twelve months. Four seats, the dimensions of which were defined in the regulations, were also mandatory. With a displacement of up to 700 cubic centimeters, two seats were sufficient. In the context of historic motorsport, the rules of the group are still currently used. The Youngtimer Regulations Group 2 can differ in details, especially the homologations, from the original regulations.

Most of the time, groups 1 and 2 were and are rated together. Actually, group 2 served as a reception group for group 1 cars, the changes of which went beyond what was permitted, but still adhered to the framework of group 2. It was irrelevant here whether a Group 2 homologation sheet existed. In this respect, motorsport differed from today's until 1981, where a group N car cannot simply be reclassified to group A in the car passport if there is no corresponding homologation.

Regulations

The wording of the FISA formulations is shown in italics below . Additions have been made where necessary for understanding. In the case of definitions and provisions that seem trivial, the text has also been shortened. The original text has been carefully reformulated in order to protect the rights of others to the text.

Article 258 - Definition

Group 2 vehicles are “[…] vehicles produced in limited series that can be improved with the aim of making them more suitable for sporting competition.” Article 260 lists the permitted changes and additions. Group 2 also includes those wagons in Group 1 that have additions or changes beyond the permitted limits.

Article 259 - Minimum manufacture and number of seats

Group 2 cars had to be built in at least 1000 copies and have at least four seats, unless their cubic capacity was equal to or less than 700 cm². In this case, the manufacturer could deliver them in a two-seater version.

The seating arrangements correspond to group 1.

Article 260 - Permissible changes and additions

The following table is decisive for the prescribed minimum mass:

  • Displacement up to 500 cm³ → 495 kg
  • Displacement up to 600 cm³ → 535 kg
  • Displacement up to 700 cm³ → 570 kg
  • Displacement up to 850 cm³ → 615 kg
  • Displacement up to 1000 cm³ → 655 kg
  • Displacement up to 1150 cm³ → 690 kg
  • Displacement up to 1300 cm³ → 720 kg
  • Displacement up to 1600 cm³ → 775 kg
  • Displacement up to 2000 cm³ → 845 kg
  • Displacement up to 2500 cm³ → 920 kg
  • Displacement up to 3000 cm³ → 990 kg
  • Displacement up to 3500 cm³ → 1050 kg
  • Displacement up to 4000 cm³ → 1115 kg
  • Displacement up to 4500 cm³ → 1175 kg
  • Displacement up to 5000 cm³ → 1225 kg
  • Displacement up to 5500 cm³ → 1280 kg
  • Displacement up to 6000 cm³ → 1330 kg
  • Displacement up to 6500 cm³ → 1365 kg
  • Displacement up to 7000 cm³ → 1405 kg
  • Displacement up to 7500 cm³ → 1425 kg
  • Displacement up to 8000 cm³ → 1445 kg
  • Displacement over 8000 cm³ → 1530 kg

Other permitted changes

All changes permitted for Group 1 cars were also permitted for Group 2 cars. In addition, the following were allowed:

Changes to the original mechanical parts

All original parts, which had gone through all the intended machining processes, could be revised, but could not be replaced. Certain parts that are listed below were excluded, i.e. completely exempted.

However, it had to be possible to identify the origin of the series parts. No material was allowed to be added.

engine

Cylinder heads and valves

Valves, valve guides and valve seats could be exchanged as required. In addition, the cylinder head or heads could be machined by removing material. However, the number of valves per cylinder could not be changed. It was allowed to put washers under the valve springs. For the springs see below.

Fuel supply and its components

The fuel supply, i.e. carburetor or injection, was free. Direct injection was only permitted for engines for which it was intended in series production. The same was true of any type of charge.

The phrase “originally intended for series production” meant: serial installation in vehicles that are delivered to buyers, with a mention in the homologation sheet or in the manufacturer's catalog.

Enlargement of the bore

Up to the limit of the original displacement class to which the model belonged, the cylinder liners could be bored out or exchanged.

Exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes and muffler

The exhaust system from the collector to the muffler was free, with the restriction that the attenuation of the exhaust noise at events on public roads had to be within the limits applicable in the country in which the event took place.

Seals

Seals could be omitted or replaced with others.

Lubrication system

The oil pan could be replaced or changed, even if this changed the capacity.

The oil pump was free, but not the number of oil pumps. Oil coolers and oil filters were also free, also in terms of number, capacity and type.

Camshafts and valve drive

The camshafts and the valve drive were free. The number, position and drive system of the camshaft (s) had to be retained. The valve springs were not subject to any restrictions, including the number and type (see also springs ).

Pistons, piston pins and piston rings

Pistons, piston rings and piston pins were free.

Power transmission

transmission

The number of gears could not be changed; the individual translations were optional. "The exemption of the gradation relates to the main and secondary shaft as well as to the gears and bearings." The design and position of the shift lever were also free.

Differential

The translation of the drive axle was optional. There was no suspension restriction. "A self-locking differential - not a limited-slip differential - can be installed, provided that it fits into the existing drive housing without having to make changes beyond paragraph a)." The drive shaft (cardan shaft) between the gearbox and differential was free.

Landing gear suspension

Changing the original parts of the suspension was allowed, including the installation of a stabilizer. The original stabilizer could be replaced by another. It was also permissible for the stabilizer to take on other functions in the suspension (wheel and axle guidance). The number of stabilizers was also optional.

Articulated connections with different material or in different designs compared to the original could be installed.

With a rigid axle, it was allowed to add anchor points and guide elements.

suspension

Springs and shock absorbers

“With regard to the springs, there is complete freedom, provided that the design of the springs is retained. However, the assembly must not involve any change in mechanical parts beyond the limits set out in Article 260a, nor may the body or the chassis be changed. Additional springs are allowed. "

"Execution" meant that a coil spring had to remain a coil spring and could not be replaced by a leaf or torsion spring.

There was also extensive freedom with regard to the shock absorbers, provided that no mechanical part was changed beyond the limits permitted in Article 260a. It was allowed to add support points on the chassis and on the suspension elements.

steering

Provided that the original steering box was used, the steering ratio was free.

Wheels and rims

Wheels and rims were free, provided that they could be installed in accordance with Article 255 d) and the width of the tires with tires did not exceed the values ​​listed in the table below, depending on the cubic capacity:

  • up to 1300 cm³ →? inch
  • up to 1600 cm³ → 10.5 inches
  • up to 2000 cm³ → 11.5 inches
  • up to 3000 cm³ → 13 inches
  • up to 5000 cm³ → 14 inches
  • up to 6000 cm³ → 15 inches
  • over 6000 cc → 16 inches

All four wheels on a car had to have the same diameter (Article 252 l).

The spare wheel could be attached anywhere, just not inside the passenger compartment.

Because of problems with the fatigue strength of wheel disks, it was recommended to ask the rim manufacturers for safety guarantees.

feathers

Every spring that has been installed in a vehicle may be changed or exchanged for another.

Further points

  • The fuel tank and the water cooler were largely free.
  • The installation of a two-circuit brake system was allowed. The braking surfaces of the discs and drums had to be retained. As in group 1, the pads were free.
    The conversion from drum to disc brakes or vice versa was not allowed!
  • Insulating mats or other insulating materials could be removed.

Optional equipment

A homologation of optional equipment was only possible if it was readily available and can be bought from the manufacturer or its branches for anyone who wanted to purchase it. It had to be clearly marked in the spare parts list for the relevant model. This applied to the basic model, which was sold in the first model year and was homologated in this form.

Variants and post-homologations

The following points list the changes and variants that the manufacturer has incorporated into the series or parts of it. The points above apply to single cars.

Minimum number 100

A total annual production of 100 units or more was required for the following changes:

  • Reinforced suspension parts if they are completely interchangeable with the original part and if the pivot points remain in their original place
  • reinforced individual parts of the chassis
  • all chassis parts that were attached to the chassis with rivets or bolts had to be removable or replaceable with a reinforced part without being cut or welded
  • Transmission: including those with a different number of gears
  • Reduction gear (overdrive)
  • Different steering housings
  • Different cardan and drive shafts
  • Connecting rods had to be made of the same material as the original
  • Clutches and flywheels
  • Housing for clutch, gearbox and differential
  • Cylinder head made of different materials and / or in a different shape, the number of camshafts and their arrangement and the number of valves per cylinder had to remain unchanged
  • The crankshaft had to be made of the same material as the original
  • other bearing caps
  • Dry sump lubrication
  • Lightened body parts such as side windows made of Plexiglas, doors made of aluminum, bonnet made of fiberglass etc. - but the weight of the vehicle stated on the test sheet had to be adhered to

Without a minimum quantity

The following changes could be homologated without a minimum production:

  • Different dashboards
  • Underguards that did not noticeably improve aerodynamic drag
  • Fender flares up to 5 cm on each side of the car
  • Different brakes with adapted wheel hubs

Variants not allowed

Changes or optional equipment that directly or indirectly influenced the engine performance and driving behavior could only be homologated if at least 1000 vehicles equipped with this equipment were manufactured in 12 months. That was practically the same as a new homologation.

When used for group 4 , the minimum production required had to be 500 vehicles.

Displacement classes

Within group 2, the vehicles were divided into cubic capacity classes. The classes were common

  • below 600 cm³
  • over 600 to 700 cm³
  • over 700 to 850 cm³
  • over 850 to 1000 cm³
  • over 1000 to 1150 cm³
  • over 1150 to 1300 cm³
  • over 1300 to 1600 cm³
  • over 1600 to 2000 cm³
  • over 2000 cm³

The displacement classes reflect the distribution of road vehicles at the time. In fact, the classes under 600 cm³ and over 2000 cm³ were also divided in the regulations; However, the above restriction corresponded to the conditions on the racetrack.

Well-known Group 2 cars

This list contains the cars that could only be used in motorsport in the Group 2 tuning stage with good prospects. In addition, the cars that were only homologated in Group 2 due to the number of units:

The Group 2 cars were used in almost all types of motorsport, from hillclimbing to slalom to circuit racing and of course rallies . In the first few years of the German racing championship , it was held with group 2 cars.

literature

  • ONS manual 1971

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.solitude-revival.org
  2. ↑ autonatives - website: Super production cars of Group 5 - when touring cars knew no limits. In: autonatives.de. Accessed December 30, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Ha Te Pe Pe: //www.pff.de/porsche/board101-rund-um-porsche-allgemeines/motorsport/2708115-fr-was-ist-die-homologation/index2.html
  4. ↑ http://www.youngtimer.de/fileadmin/user_upload/youngtimer/2005/Reglement2005/Anhang_J_81.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.youngtimer.de
  5. ↑ http://www.norisringhistorie.de/1971/71nor_alle_starterlisten.pdf
  6. ↑ had te pe: //www.google.de/url? Sa = t & rct = j & q = & esrc = s & source = web & cd = 10 & ved = 0CG0QFjAJ & url = http% 3A% 2F% 2Fwww.capriclubschweiz.ch% 2F1972.doc & eky = np11DwT77Bg4Gm4 AFQjCNEvQuSavLIgsjxXh0V3aslbovxFmA