Gstanzl

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Roider-Jackl-Brunnen on the Viktualienmarkt in Munich

The Gstanzl is a Bavarian-Austrian song form , mostly as an epigram-like mocking song.

Name and lyrics of Gstanzl

The word is likely to come from the Italian word stanza ' strophe ' as a diminution and can be found, for example, in the Italian stanza . While this is eight lines, the typical Gstanzl is a single four-line line , whereby the first can rhyme with the second ( pair rhyme ) or the third line ( cross rhyme ).

The Gstanzl is mostly in three-quarter time . The mocking songs consist of stanzas of two-part, mostly eight eleven-syllable iambic verses . But also the anapaest finds its expression, the syllable sequence (short - short - long) creates a forward-pressing character.

Many alpine songs (Gstanzl songs ) are actually composed of Gstanzln, which belong together in a fixed sequence, often each stanza ends with a yodel instead of the refrain . This is one of the classic simple song forms .

Depending on their origin, the Gstanzln are also Schnaderhüpfl , Schanderhagge, Stückl, antics, Trutz- and Spitzliedln, Schleifer, Haar-breaker-Gsangln, Plopper- and Plepper (songs), Schwatzliedln, Flausen and Butterliedln, G'setzln, Basseln, Vierzeilige, Kurschza Liadlan, Schelmeliedle, chorze Liedle, Rappedietzle, Schlumperliedla or Rundâs etc. called. The expressions on "Schand-, Spitzen, Pleppern, Schwatzen, Flausen, Schmettern, Schelm-, Trutz- / Tratzen" all relate to dialect words for said or humorous remarks about others, as they are the basis of Gstanzl singing in the narrower sense partly independent regional sub-forms.

A classic Gstanzl is:

Aussee is a fun valley
that always has a
beautiful Mendscha in
there I can be

(The Ausseerland is a funny valley // I keep saying that // there are beautiful girls in there // I want to be there.)

Gstanzlsingen

The Gstanzl is very common and popular in the alpine music room . Gstanzln are often composed and performed in the respective dialect . Gstanzln with their innumerable melodies live mainly from the performance in the corresponding situation. Gstanzlsingen is a typical form of social get-together and ranges from private or pub singing to celebrations and public events. Gstanzln are sung with friends or at singers' meetings as well as when dancing.

The Gstanzln deal with cheerful and serious processes and events, moods, outlooks on life and human weaknesses. The Gstanzl is consistently humorous, often teasing, ironic to sarcastic, it can be rough and tough, or even deeply malicious, but also tender and intimate.

Mostly it is rhyming and sung improvisations . Good Gstanzlsänger can get off the impromptu hours Gstanzln contend, without repeating themselves. In this respect, Gstanzlsingen resembles numerous regional and epoch forms of impromptu rhyming, ranging from the Norse skaldic poetry to modern hip-hop .

Particularly successful improvisations then, as always with successful impromptu jokes , form an increasingly solidified repertoire . Such Gstanzln are often passed on orally from generation to generation or by listening to good singers and experience a wide variety of variations depending on the region and time period: They form a basic treasure that can be adapted to the respective situation or reworked into a new Gstanzl. But there are also always new gstanzeln invented, also to jokingly describe current and political events.

There are many occasions when Gstanzln are created. Gstanzlsingen is very popular at farmer's weddings in Upper and Lower Bavaria, where the wedding loader makes fun of the bride and groom and the invited company.

Historical

One of the famous Gstanzl singers was the Scholi (or Schori) zu Eisenloh am Salzachtal, who wrote a myriad of mocking songs around 1800 that are sung to this day. Roider Jackl (1906–1975) is particularly well-known from the 20th century ; he became known nationwide primarily for his political Gstanzln. At the Munich Viktualienmarkt and in Freising there is a fountain in honor of the folk singer .

Traditionally it was only men or boys who were reserved for Gstanzl singing, today women are always enthusiastic about rhyming and singing.

Special forms and regional

The dances are sung to the Gstanzeln are typically Ländler , Steirerobst or Boarische that by combining the associated guy in a circle with a common singing Gstanzln. The auditor, mostly an experienced dancer, sings the first line of the Gstanzl and the other boys join in. In the Salzkammergut , for example, the Landler is in 2/4 time, the Styrian in 3/4 time and the Waldhansl in waltz .

Enriching elements of Gstanzl singing, with which the individual Gstanzeln are interrupted, are yodelling and Paschen , rhythmic clapping together, which is particularly cultivated in the Ausseerland (Styrian Salzkammergut). A typical Styrian structure would be singing - Paschen once - Singen - Paschen twice - Singen - Yodelling - Paschen three times. The Gstanzel can be accompanied or commented on by singers and listeners alike by juchitzer (melodious screams) of all kinds.

The book Gstanzln from the Salzkammergut includes 730 quatrains from the Ausseerland and also very humorous Twelve Commandments for Singing and Paschen (with a twinkle in the eye it is emphasized that these commandments only apply to those who have not yet passed the obligatory 1000 pints of beer in double rounds ):

  1. You should basically join the Vorpascher.
  2. You shouldn't pimp if you're a woman (emancipation has its limits here).
  3. You shouldn't shout "Hüa" if you are not the singer.
  4. You shouldn't think you can sixth (sixth is not a show part for tourists).
  5. You shouldn't shout "Hollow" at the Landler.
  6. You should drop off at the Waldhansl in Altaussee.
  7. You should sing Gstanzln in larger groups that others also know.
  8. You should only sing "unclean" Gstanzln in men's groups.
  9. You should recognize what he means by the posture of a seasoned pascher and understand what you should not do.
  10. You shouldn't be paddling along if you don't have any sense of rhythm.
  11. (for the impatient) You shouldn't ask the musicians for a double right at the beginning (come time - come double!).
  12. (for repulsive) Don't let the musicians play a Styrian for a quarter of an hour before you graciously raise your voice.

Under Schnaderhüpfel specifically refers improvised in the Alps poem series, which always consist of a verse, and from the innumerable melodies using always the same. One person or party sings a Gstanzl and another person or party responds to it, often with an ad hoc composed Gegengstanzl. The central element is to prove the quick wittedness in mutual singing. In general, these are particularly humorous or cheeky, provocative texts (this form can also be found in analogue contemporary, for example in battle rap ). In Bavaria and Austria there are Gstanzl singers' meetings where the singers sing out to each other . Schnaderhüpfel was and is sung, especially at celebrations: For example, at weddings regionally , the gifts brought with them are sung about by the wedding host and the giver has to respond. Under the name častuška , a form of Schnaderhüška is also known in the Russian culture.

Text example ( the most popular Schnaderhüpfel melody in Austria ? / I ): Audio file / audio sample

Now you're married '
Now you're a man
Now your' life '
Ka Madel is looking at you more

See also

literature

Web links

Audio samples:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schnaderhüpfel , also Schnadahüpfel , Schnatterhüpfel or Schnadernhüpfel , -hüpferl or -hupfl
  2. ↑ Cesar Bresgen : The Scholi. A student from Salzburg, vagabond and musician around 1800. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1984, ISBN 3-215-05511-2 .
  3. ^ Paschen in folk dance (on volksmusik.cc).
  4. ↑ Volker Derschmidt, Walter Deutsch (Ed.): Der Landler. Volume 8 of Österreichischen Volksliedwerkes (performance): Corpus musicae popularis Austriacae, complete edition of folk music in Austria. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1998, ISBN 3-205-98856-6 , p. 500 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. ↑ Herbert Seiberl, Johanna Palme (Ed.): Gstanzln from the Salzkammergut. 730 quatrains . Alpenpost, Bad Aussee 1992, ISBN 3-9500359-1-5 .
  6. ↑ Boris Isaakovič: Organic structure of the Russian Schnaderhüpfels (častuška). In: Germano-Slavica. Volume 3, 1937, pp. 31-64.
  7. ↑ 890 gstanzln ": Goschert and gschert, it's worth it , Der Standard - Review of November 16, 2016, accessed December 6, 2016