Ausseerland

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ausseerland
View from Loser southwards to the valley of the Ausseerland, in front Altaussee, left behind Bad Aussee

View from Loser southwards to the valley of the Ausseerland, in front Altaussee, left behind Bad Aussee

location Styrian Salzkammergut
Waters Traun
Mountains Dachstein Mountains / Dead Mountains
Geographical location 47 ° 38 '  N , 13 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 38 '  N , 13 ° 48'  E
Ausseerland (Styria)
Ausseerland
Type Inner Alpine Basin (Ausseer Basin)
rock Limes
length 30 km
particularities partly UNESCO World Heritage Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut
Template: Infobox Glacier / Maintenance / Image description missing

The Ausseerland (also Ausseer Land ) is a small region in the Salzkammergut in the north-west of Styria on the border with Upper Austria . It is shaped by numerous lakes and the surrounding mountain ranges of the Northern Limestone Alps : Dachstein range , Sarsteinstock , Sandling and Totem Gebirge .

The entire Styrian Salzkammergut and especially its northern part, the landscape of the Ausseer basin on the upper course of the Traun, are called Ausseerland .

geography

Room division

The Ausseerland in Upper Styria, between the western foothills of the Dead Mountains and the Dachstein massif , is an independent region with its cultural peculiarities. In the broader sense, the area of ​​the four municipalities Bad Mitterndorf , Bad Aussee , Altaussee and Grundlsee is referred to as Ausseerland , so this term corresponds to that of the Styrian Salzkammergut . The three northern municipalities (Altaussee, Bad Aussee and Grundlsee) are located in a basin, the Ausseer Becken , which is bounded northwest by the Pötschenpass , west by the Koppenpass , and south by the Radlingpass . They form the Ausseerland in the true sense of the word, today's large municipality Bad Mitterndorf (Mitterndorf and Pichl) forms the Hinterberger Tal , which again has a certain independence.

Although the Traun breaks through westwards between Dachstein and Sarstein , this narrow valley, the Koppental , which leads to the less easily accessible Hallstätter See , is not the main axis to the north into the Inner Salzkammergut , but the easy-to-drive Pötschen over the low peaks of the upper Trauntal mountains between Sarstein and Totem Mountains. Topographically, the division on the Radlingberg  ( 1545  m above sea level ) with the Radlingpass on the side of the Dead Mountains is given in the south , but hydrographically the area is different: One of the source rivers of the Traun, the Kainischtraun , flows between Dachsteinstock and Radlingberg northwards, the place name can be found in the Unterkainisch near Aussee as well as in Outer Kainisch near Pichl, together called Kainisch Valley . The watershed to the Salza and Enns is only Knoppen , and the Hinterbergertal also includes the independent Enns tributary Grimming (pass location Klachauer Höhe ) with the side valley of the Tauplitz . The boundary between the Ausseer basin landscapes and the greater Styrian Ennstal area is fluid here, and rather on the valley passes of the Grimmingstock , which forms the term Ausseerland in a broader sense.

The center of the Ausseerland is the town of Bad Aussee . The climatic health resort Altaussee is known for the second homes of celebrities from home and abroad. The Altausseer See and the Ausseer local mountain Loser are located in the municipality . The largest operation in Altaussee is the salt mine at Sandling . The rural community of Grundlsee is located on the 5.7 km long Grundlsee and is particularly well frequented in summer.

The Tressensteinwarte , which was built in 2013 on the summit of Tressenstein , which is centrally located between Altausseer See, Bad Aussee and Grundlsee, offers an excellent panoramic view of the Ausseerland.

Lakes in the Ausseerland

The Ausseerland, like the entire Salzkammergut, is particularly known for its lakes. It is the lake landscape of the north-eastern Traun spring area. Economically as well as culturally, the lakes and their rivers form the basis of the small region, as an important transport route, in fishing and historically wood drift for the salt pans, today in tourism.

The source area of ​​the Traun , the main river of the Salzkammergut, is extensive, and extends from the southern end of Lake Hallstatt (with abundant karst springs) over the source river Kainischtraun in the south on the northeast flank of the Dachstein massif to Altausseer Traun and Grundlseer Traun . The latter both arise from the two main lakes of the Ausseerland, the Altausseer See and the Grundlsee. Its two valleys stretch eastward into the Dead Mountains and form two chains of lakes, which are interrupted on the surface by the underground inflows and outflows in the limestone karst of the valleys and high plateaus:

The source lake of the Kainischtraun, the Ödensee , hydrographically still north of the Alps, is included in the valley pass landscape of the Hinterberger valley.

history

Celtic settlement is likely in connection with the Hallstatt salt mountain, Roman is proven in Bad Aussee and on the Michlhallberg on the Pötschen, Slavic settlement in many place names.

The first documentary mention in the area is probably again the Michlhallberg (777), which was then still or already in good operation at the time. The first written mention of the name in Awse can be found in 1246, the name is either a room name in relation to the salt mountain , or already for the salt pans near Bad Aussee . The name is also related to a Slavic root.

The Ausseer Land was initially part of the Bavarian Traungau . Until the 15th century, the Salzkammergut including the Ausseer Land was the direct property of the Duke ( Kammergut ) . The Ausseerland was the rule of Pflindsberg - but the Hintertal was part of the County of Ennstal , with Grauscharn / Pürgg Castle as the administrative center. However, due to a dispute over salt mining , the Ausseer Land was handed over to Styria: The Ausseer Saline also competed with the Ischler Salzberg . The exact national borders from the Dachstein plateau over the Blaaalm to the western Dead Mountains were still disputed in the middle of the 19th century.

A Religious Reformation Commission implemented the Counter Reformation in the Aussee region, which had become Protestant , from 1599 onwards .

The Styrian Salzkammergut always had its own court during the monarchy, after Pflindsberg in the course of the 16th century as the judicial district of Bad Aussee . From 1837 it formed the Pflindsberg district in the Judenburg district , from 1848 in the Liezen district , from 1868/72 the Aussee branch in the Gröbming district - it was only assigned to the Irdning district in 2002 and to the Liezen district in 2013 . In the course of the creation of the local communities in 1848/49 , the two valleys were divided into seven communities, Bad Aussee , Altaussee , Grundlsee , Reitern , Strassen , Pichl bei Aussee and Mitterndorf .

In the course of the annexation of Austria and the reorganization of the Alpine and Danube Reichsgaue , as the "Ostmark" was called from 1942, the Ausseer Land (but not Hinterberg ) was incorporated into the administrative unit Gau Oberdonau (Upper Austria). This was decreed as early as 1938 and only put into practice in August 1939. At the same time, a community merger was discussed, up to a whole community, in the end only Bad Aussee was expanded (de facto 1942/43). The war years were characterized by increasingly rigid police controls; as one of the core areas of the fictitious Alpine fortress , the valley was intended to serve as a refuge for the looted cultural assets of Europe and a refuge for the party leaders. At the same time it was also one of the focal points of the Nazi resistance .

The country as part of Upper Austria continued during the occupation , when the area was included in the US zone . The reorganization was discussed, but the local tourism operators in particular advocated a closed Salzkammergut region. There was even talk of a referendum, but ultimately the constitutional resetting of all Austrian law in its entirety to the state before 1938 was the decisive factor for reorganization. Only on July 1, 1948 was it rejoined to Styria.

The later 20th century was then marked by a national border cooperation in the border region of the Dachstein: 1987 whose core room was the UNESCO World Heritage Hallstatt-Dachstein Salzkammergut , 2002, the tourism region Ausseerland - Salzkammergut - again Hinterberg - member of the joint tourism region Salzkammergut (in the form a GmbH). While the Hinterbergertal has winter tourism and also cooperates with the important ski centers around Schladming and Haus ( Schladming – Dachstein holiday region, ski region of the same name in the Ski Amadé ), the Ausseerland with its lakes has primarily summer tourism, which is also oriented towards the greater Ischl area .

population

Ferdinand Lepié : View over the Altausseersee , 1883

The population has the reputation that they prefer to “be among themselves” and disregard or even ignore “strangers” (non-locals). However, this prejudice only applies to a certain, particularly conservative section of the local population. It cannot be denied that the population of the Aussee region consists of many independent, free-thinking people who do not like to be led by an authority. In historical times, the emperor was refused obedience.

Since the population is generally very manageable, most people know each other and are therefore on their own (in Ausseer Land - as in many other places in the Salzkammergut - the you word is more likely to be rude). Many people from Aussee also notice at first glance whether it is a guest or a local, and they say or say the person.

Culture and events

Daffodil Festival

A dog made from daffodils at the Daffodil Festival.

Every year at the end of May and the beginning of June, many thousands of visitors come to the Daffodil Festival, the most famous flower festival in Austria. The flower parade begins its journey in Bad Aussee and ends each year alternately at one of the nearby lakes ( Altausseer See or Grundlsee ).

Costumes

Grundlseer traditional costumes, around 1840. From: Mautner-Geramb: Steirisches Trachtenbuch , 1935
Bib flowers, Pölzer workshop, Aussee 1840

It is obvious that traditional costumes in the Ausseer Land are worn by the local population - not only by the elderly - also in everyday life, i.e. also outside of the folkloric and tourist area and outside of special occasions. Significantly, there is not a single traditional costume association in the entire Aussee region . The locals prefer when their costume is not worn by the "strangers". All those who do not come from the Ausseerland, including other Austrians, are considered “foreigners”.

In Bad Aussee there are several craft businesses that produce traditional costumes. So there Hatter , Dirndl Tailoring , lederhosen makers , quills and Schneider. An estimated 200 people in Bad Aussee and the surrounding area live directly from traditional costumes.

carnival

Every year you can find foolish hustle and bustle in the Ausseer Land. Not only the loud drum women , the magical Flinserl , but also many private Maschkera groups make the Aussee rural communities unsafe for the “holy 3 Foschingtog” . Events like “Maschkerarodeln” look back on a long tradition and are very popular among the population.

In 2017 the Aussee Carnival celebrated its 250th anniversary and was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO .

UNESCO world heritage

In 1997, UNESCO declared the Dachsteinstock and Sarstein with surrounding areas in the Ausseerland, the inner Salzkammergut - especially Hallstatt - and the communities of Gröbming , Haus im Ennstal and Ramsau am Dachstein as well as in Filzmoos in Salzburg to be Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut World Heritage Sites . The Ausseer share is comparatively small.

freetime and sports

During the winter months, curling is the most common sport practiced by the locals. Ice stock sport is also a social event, which in turn is reflected in the many leagues and championships. There are championships for inns, districts, communities and the entire Aussee region. Teams from the Aussee region also play in the Upper Austrian regional league.

  • Ausseer pigeon shooting
  • Steel shooting: "Steel shooting" is the name of the art of hitting the center of the target with the crossbow in the Salzkammergut.
  • Flat throwing: pastime up to championships

literature

  • Small region profile Bad Aussee. Spatial information system Styria . In: Office of the Styrian Provincial Government, Department 16 - State and Municipal Development, Department for Regional Planning, Planning Bases and Spatial Planning Cadastre, Department 1C - Department for State Statistics (Ed.): Regionext head strong. styria . ( raumplanung.steiermark.at [PDF; accessed on August 7, 2010] statistical data, summary).
  • Reinhard Lamer: The Ausseer Land: history and culture of a landscape. Styria regional series . Verlag Styria, 1998, ISBN 978-3-222-12613-0 .
  • Richard Wall: In the Ausseerland. Away from the Via Artis. In: Richard Wall: Small luggage. On the move in a different Europe. Kitab Verlag, Klagenfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-902878-06-9 .

Web links

Commons : Ausseerland  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Board of Directors / Members - regionalverein.at. Retrieved on February 5, 2018 (German).
  2. Reinhard Lamer: The Ausseer Land. History and culture of a landscape . Styria, Graz 1998, ISBN 3-222-12613-5 , pp. 13 f .
  3. Entry on Dreibrüdersee in the Austria Forum , Knowledge Collection: A selection from the most beautiful lakes in Austria , No. 19
  4. Duke Tassilo gives the Kremsmünster monasteryunum hominem salem coquentem ex salina vero majori ”, “a salt boiler from the great saltworks”. Aigner already pointed out that michel is an old word for 'big', i.e. the Ausseer, not the Hallstatt mining industry. Hallstatt was probably not put into operation again until the 13th century (dated 1311): August Aigner: The prehistoric salt mountain of Hallstatt and its cultural significance for the Alpine peoples. Lecture from November 16, 1901. In: Communications of the natural science association for Styria. 38, 1902, p. 215 f., Whole article p. 193–217, PDF on ZOBODAT there p. 23 f.
  5. Duke Friedrich II confirmed the purchase of salt “ de salina in Ause ” to the Rein monastery . Specification z. B. in Rudolf Palme: Legal, economic and social history of the inner-alpine salt works up to their monopoly. Volume 25 of Legal History Series. Verlag Peter Lang, Bern 1983, ISBN 978-3-8204-7133-5 , chapter The development of the Ausseee salt mine in Styria , p. 52 f.
  6. * ustЬje 'mouth, confluence' to Aussee, Bad. In: Manfred Niemeyer: German book of place names. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-025802-8 , p. 44 ( limited preview in Google book search);
    Ernst Eichler (ed.): Onomastica Slavogermanica 25 (= treatises of the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Philological-historical class ), Verlag Hirzel, 2008, p. 69.
  7. ^ As in the Josephinische Landesaufnahme 1787 (layer online at STMGIS: Education & Culture ).
  8. ^ Harry Slapnicka: Upper Austria, when it was called "Upper Danube" (1938-1945). Volume 5 of contributions to the contemporary history of Upper Austria. Oberösterreichischer Landesverlag, Linz 1978, ISBN 978-3-85214-204-3 , esp. Pp. 33-48;
    derslb .: The Ausseerland near Upper Austria. In: Communications from the Upper Austrian Provincial Archives. Volume 15, 1986, pp. 257-282 ( article (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  9. ^ At the instigation of Reichskommissar and Gauleiter Josef Bürckel ; whether at the request of the driver is unknown. Slapnicka 1986, chap. Nobody knows who initiated the “small connection” , p. 257 (PDF, p. 4).
  10. ^ Slapnicka 1986, chap. Patchwork state legislation , p. 260 f. (PDF, p. 17 f).
  11. a b Slapnicka 1986, chap. Ausseerland in World War II , p. 265 f (PDF, p. 12 f).
  12. ^ Slapnicka 1986, chap. Three years of “reclassification” in Styria and Upper Austria: Ausseer should decide , p. 267 f (PDF, p. 14 f).
  13. Unser Land> Landesgeschichte> Chronik> 1948. land-oberoesterreich.gv.at (last accessed March 22, 2018).
  14. cf. for example GrimmingTherme and Tauplitzalm Alpenstraße . schladming-dachstein.at: Attractions (last accessed March 22, 2018).
  15. orf.at: Drum women and Flinserl rule in Aussee. Retrieved February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  16. 1997 Advisory Body Evaluation , UNESCO World Heritage Center (PDF, 1 MB)