Dachstein massif
| Dachstein massif | |
|---|---|
 Representation of the mountains & massif. |
|
| Highest peak | High Dachstein ( 2995 m above sea level ) |
| location | Upper Austria , Styria , Salzburg ; Austria |
| part of | Dachstein Mountains , Northern Limestone Alps |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 31 ' N , 13 ° 38' E |
| Type | Kalkkarststock, plateau mountains |
| rock | Dachstein Limestone |
The Dachstein massif is a mountain group of the Northern Limestone Alps in the area of northern Styria , eastern Salzburg and southern Upper Austria . It reaches its highest point in the Hohe Dachstein at 2995 m above sea level. A. , which is also the highest mountain in Upper Austria and Styria. The heavily karst mountains consist mainly of Dachstein limestone and are partly glaciated. The easternmost and at the same time the largest glacier group of the Northern Limestone Alps is located in the Dachstein massif. The area drains mostly underground and is crisscrossed by several large caves, including the third longest cave in Austria, the Hirlatz cave with a length of over 112 kilometers. The Dachstein massif is made accessible to tourism through alpine club huts , a large network of paths and several winter sports areas . The Dachstein massif, together with the Inner Salzkammergut, is part of the Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut UNESCO World Heritage Site .
geography
The Dachstein massif has a maximum extension between Lungötz in the Lammertal in the west and the confluence of the Salzabach in the Enns in the east of 45 and from north to south of 18 kilometers.
The boundary runs from Gosauzwang near Hallstatt along the Gosaubach to Gosau and over the Gschütt pass to Rußbach am Pass Gschütt , further along the Rußbach to its confluence with the Lammer . The Lammertal forms the western border to Lungötz . From there the border runs over the Marcheggsattel to Filzmoos . The southern border results from the Filzmoos - Ramsau am Dachstein - Weißenbach an der Enns line , along the Enns to the confluence of the Salzabach. From there, the eastern border runs along the Salzabach to Bad Mitterndorf . The northern border leads over the Klachauer Höhe to the Kainischtraun and Koppentraun to the confluence with the Hallstättersee . Politically, the area is divided into the districts of Gmunden , Hallein , St. Johann im Pongau and Liezen .
In the north, the Salzkammergutstrasse runs from the north shore of Lake Hallstatt via Bad Mitterndorf to Trautenfels , which joins the Ennstal Strasse and leads to Altenmark im Pongau, where there is a connection to the Tauern Autobahn . The Salzkammergutbahn runs largely parallel to the Salzkammergutstrasse and joins the Ennstalbahn at Stainach - Irdning , which also leads to Altenmark im Pongau. The Gschütt Strasse Pass and Lammertal Strasse open up the area to the west. Several toll roads lead in the south from the valley to the Dachstein massif, from Gröbming the Stoderzinken Alpenstraße up to 1,800 m above sea level, from Ramsau am Dachstein the Dachsteinstraße to the valley station of the Dachstein-Südwandbahn at 1,700 m and from Filzmoos the toll road Hofalm to the Oberhofalm.
Outline and summit
Summit of the Dachstein massif (selection):
| summit | Altitude [m above sea level] A.] |
|---|---|
| Big bishop's cap | 2458 |
| Large wall | 2415 |
| Tom Thumb | 2322 |
| Mandlkogel | 2279 |
| Angerstein | 2100 |
| Big Donnerkogel | 2054 |
| summit | Altitude [m above sea level] A.] |
|---|---|
| High Dachstein | 2995 |
| Torstein | 2948 |
| Mitterspitz | 2925 |
| Great Koppenkarstein | 2865 |
| High Gjaidstein | 2794 |
| Sheikh lace | 2667 |
geomorphology
Typical of the Dachstein massif is the large limestone karst plateau with high and low mountain character. The mountains rise steeply in the west from the Vorderen Gosausee from about 940 m above sea level. A. to the summit of the Großer Donnerkogel ( 2050 m above sea level ) and continues in the Gosaukamm to the southeast like a ridge. The falls are very steep, rocky and can be found in the Große Bischofsmütze 2,458 m above sea level. A. its highest point. From the crack of the crack, the mountains expand to a large plateau, which is consistently over 2000 m above sea level. A. is located. On the southern edge of the plateau are the three highest elevations of the Dachstein massif: Hoher Dachstein 2995 m above sea level. A. , Torstein 2948 m above sea level. A. and Mitterspitz 2925 m above sea level. A. The south walls dropping vertically here reach 1000 meters. The peaks become lower to the east and reach another 2552 m above sea level in Eselstein . A. To the north is the "Am Stein" plateau, which is 8 km away from Hohen Krippenstein, 2108 m above sea level. A. extends and steeply north into the Trauntal 500 m above sea level. A. falls off. From the Eselstein eastward, the mountains drop significantly and are already below 1500 m above sea level at the Ahornsee . A. The eastern foothills are the ridge-like Kemet Mountains , the highest point in the Kammspitz at 2139 m above sea level. A. has before it falls to the Salza reservoir . An alpine cart and sinkhole landscape is formed on the entire plateau .
Glaciation
The easternmost and at the same time the largest glacier group of the Northern Limestone Alps is located in the Dachstein massif. The three largest glaciers are the Hallstatt Glacier , the Großer Gosau Glacier and the Schladminger Glacier . The very small glaciers Schneelochgletscher , Kleiner Gosaugletscher and Nördlicher Torsteingletscher still show an active flow movement and crevice formation, which justify a designation as a glacier. Since the peak in the middle of the 19th century, the Dachstein glacier has been subject to continuous decline, with the exception of brief advance periods around 1920 and around the middle of the second half of the 20th century. The southern Torstein glacier and the Edelgriess glacier can be described as firn fields or dead ice due to the lack of activity .
Waters
Most of the Dachstein massif drains to the north via the Traun . The Ödensee Traun is an important tributary of the Traun in the upper reaches of the Ödensee. The western area from the Gschütt Pass to the Marcheggsattel drains into the Salzach . The area from the Marcheggsattel to the Salzabach drains south into the Enns .
At the northern foot of the mountains are the Hallstätter See , and the Gosau lakes and the Ödensee. In the high elevations there are several trough lakes without drainage, such as the Ahornsee , the Grafenbergsee and a number of the smallest mountain lakes such as the Hirzkarseelein . The ice lakes form the glacier end lakes of the retreating Hallstatt Glacier .
geology
tectonics
Tectonically , the Dachstein massif consists of a mighty fold of the Dachstein ceiling, with the ceiling forehead emerging in the south and falling in steps to the north to the pre-Alps down to the level of Lake Hallstatt. The roof stone ceiling is assigned to the Juvavian ceiling unit (Juvavikum) and is up to 1500 m thick. To the west of Hallstatt, amidst the rocks of the Dachstein ceiling, lie the complex Plassen clods, which, together with their Haselgebirge base, rest on the Dachstein ceiling.
Lithostratigraphy
Lithostratigraphically made rocks the Dachstein range, mostly from Mesozoic limestones and dolomites of Trias , which were deposited in front of around 240 to 200 million years. Leading salt Haselgebirge ( Perm ) and subjecting formation (Lower Triassic) form the base of the mountain. They occur particularly in the Salzkammergut , where the Hallstatt Salt Mountain is also located. The Wetterstein dolomite and limestone ( Ladin ) form the lower wall parts of the southern slopes of the central Dachstein group and the highest peaks in the Kemet Mountains . The Dachstein limestone (Nor to Rhaet ) forms the main mass of the Dachstein ceiling and is up to 1000 m thick . Banked Dachstein lime builds up all the walls and plateaus of the central Dachstein group. The Dachstein reef limestone forms the Gosaukamm . Limes from the Jura play a subordinate role in the Dachstein massif. In places reddish, fossil-rich Hierlatzkalk ( Lower Jurassic ) lies on top of the Dachstein Limestone. The Plassenkalk ( Kimmeridgium ) forms the summit of the Plassen and Rötelsteins . Cretaceous ( Maastrichtian - Santonium ) deposits can be found with the Gosau group in the Gosau valley .
Former glaciation
The Dachstein massif was always glaciated during the Ice Ages , with the plateau serving as a nutrient area for extensive ice flows. The mighty Traungletscher , which flowed north through the Traun Valley from the Dachstein , penetrated far into the Alpine foothills. At the height of the respective glaciation, large ice masses filled the valleys and repeatedly reached up to around 1700 m above sea level. A. the highest peaks only rose as Nunatakker out of the ice streams. The ice carved out cirques and trough valleys on the flanks . In the valleys there were deep pools, which today are filled by lakes and their deposits. These are, for example, the tongue basins of Lake Hallstatt and the Hinterer Gosau Lake .
Hydrogeology
The deep karst limestone drains mostly underground. There are no major surface runoffs in the high areas. Most of the rainwater and meltwater seeps into the crevices and sinkholes of the limestone and collects in extensive cave systems. The limestones are underlain by the Werfen layers and Hasel mountains that hold up groundwater . These clayey-mergly sedimentary rocks and the collapse of the Dachstein ceiling to the north force numerous spring outlets at the northern foot of the Dachstein massif, in particular from the Echerntal to the Koppenwinkelalm. As various tracer tests showed, the majority of the area drains to these springs. The most productive one is the Großquelle Waldbachursprung with an average flow rate of 3,100 l / s. Other important sources are the Hirschbrunn am Hallstätter See, the Koppenbrüller cave and the Ödensee . The tracer tests also showed that the first traces of the marking substances reached the sources after hours or a few days.
caves
The well-karstifying Dachstein limestone, in cooperation with the rest of the interface structure, offers particularly favorable conditions for cave formation. As of 2002, there are over 600 caves in subgroup 1540 (Dachstein) of the Austrian cave directory. Most cave entrances are at an altitude of 1500 m above sea level. A. and 2000 m above sea level A. With a measured 112,929 m, the Hirlatz cave (cat. No. 1546/7) is the longest cave in the area. Of particular importance are the Dachstein Mammoth Cave (Cat. No. 1547/9), the Dachstein Giant Ice Cave (Cat. No. 1547/17) and the Koppenbrüller Cave (Cat. No. 1549/1), which are used as show caves for tourism are developed.
| Surname | Cat.-No. | Measurement length [m] | Vertical extension [m] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hirlatz cave | 1546/7 | 112929 | 1560 |
| Dachstein mammoth cave | 1547/9 | 67437 | 1207 |
| South wall cave | 1543/28 | 10904 | 509 |
| Schönberg Cave | 1547/70 | 9308 | 275 |
| Voodoo Canyon | 1543/225 | 4354 | 723 |
paleontology
Typical fossils in the banked Dachstein limestone are the so-called megalodonts , a group of giant clams known as Dachstein bivalves , which is represented by several genera such as Neomegalodus and Conchodus . They are popularly referred to as cow kicks, as the two shells are generally still together and therefore show a hoof-like or heart-shaped cross-section on the rock surface. A well-known fossil site is located near the Torstein-Eck, where the Linzer-Weg leads directly over a megalodont bank around one meter wide, interrupted in places, but around 100 m long. This accumulation of fossils, which the locals call "Gosauer Fischzug", is surf material, as the shell halves are separated and often smashed. The rocks of the Gosau group are also very rich in fossils. Above all taxa of ammonites , gastropods (snails) and mussels occur. In 1971, when a forest road was being laid on Finstergrabenwandl in the municipality of Gosau, a very large specimen of the ammonite Parapuzosia seppenradensis was recovered from the high moss formation ( Santonium ). With a diameter of about 95 cm and a weight of 180 kg, it is the second largest ammonite ever found in Austria. The find can be viewed in the Natural History Museum in Vienna. The giant ammonite has graced the Gosau municipal coat of arms since 1979.
climate
The weather station of the Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics on the Hohen Krippenstein ( 2050 m above sea level ) provides exact data for the Dachstein massif. The climatic data show a temperature and precipitation distribution typical for the mountains of the Northern Limestone Alps: cool, precipitation-rich summers and low-precipitation winters. Annual precipitation ranges from 1200 to over 2500 mm, with precipitation decreasing from west to east and increasing significantly with increasing sea level. Maximum values are reached in the area of the Hohe Dachstein ( 2995 m above sea level ). In free higher areas, westerly and northwesterly winds dominate, which are often accompanied by precipitation. Due to the frequent cloud jams on the northern edge, an above-average amount of precipitation falls in the area of the Hohe Dachstein. The duration of winter snow cover is around 180 days at an altitude of 1500 m and 300 days at an altitude of 2500 m. The average maximum snow depth in winter at Krippenstein is 407 cm. The height difference of over 2000 meters results in significant temperature differences between the valley locations and the summit regions of the Dachstein massif. The average annual temperature at low altitudes is 5.9 ° C in Bad Mitterndorf ( 803 m above sea level ) and 0.9 ° C at Krippenstein. The inversion weather conditions in the valley areas such as in the Trauntal , Ennstal and even in the hollow forms of the extensive plateau of the Dachstein massif are of great importance . For this reason, comparatively mild temperatures often prevail in autumn above the inversion fog. In the cold season, the inversion layer has a reverse effect on the temperatures in the valley.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Hoher Krippenstein
Source:
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Flora and vegetation
Due to the great differences in altitude from the valley to the summit regions, a corresponding vegetation forms at each altitude level . The montane level corresponds to the area of the spruce-fir-beech forests as climax vegetation , which extends from the valley floor to about 1300 m above sea level. A. extends. From about 1400 m above sea level. A. the forests are characterized by increasing clearing and mosaic-like composition: mixed stands of spruce and larch, mountain pine bushes, tall herbaceous meadows and lawns alternate and are increasingly interspersed with alpine vegetation with increasing altitude. Individual groups of Swiss stone pine ( Pinus cembra ) still thrive up to around 1800 m above sea level. A. where the tree line is. The Krummholzgürtel of the mountain pine ( Pinus mugo ), which is typical for the eastern alpine limestone mountains , rises to about 2000 m above sea level. A. , increasingly dissolves with increasing altitude and is criss-crossed by dwarf shrub heaths and alpine lawns. In the upper alpine level, fragmented upholstered sedge lawns dominate . On rising highest plant species include the Gegenblättrige saxifrage ( Saxifraga oppositifolia ) and Einblütiges chickweed ( Cerastium uniflorum ) that thrive to the summit of the Hoher Dachstein.
In total, around 1250 vascular plant species (Tracheophyta) have been identified in the area (including Grimming ) , including many of the endemic plant species of the Northeastern Alps. As a selection are mentioned:
- Dainty feather carnation ( Dianthus plumarius subsp. Blandus )
- Sauter's rock flowers ( Draba sauteri )
- Dark bellflower ( Campanulla pulla )
- Clusius primrose ( Primula clusiana )
- Traunsee bedstraw ( Galium truniacum )
- Austrian Spurge ( Euphorbia austriaca )
fauna
The Dachstein massif is rich in game species. The barren karst plateau is a retreat for chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ); the animals occur in high densities. The occurrence of the Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ) is remarkable . It is the only stock in Upper Austria. In the area of the Bachlalm there are also several smaller colonies of the Alpine marmot ( Marmota marmota ), all of which go back to earlier releases. Mountain hares ( Lepus timidus ) also live in the area.
Alpine salamanders ( Salamandra atra ) and mountain newts ( Ichthyosaura alpestris ) have good populations in the Dachstein massif. The fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ) also occurs in the lower elevations . The yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ) is widespread, typical habitats are, for example, alpine pastures with pasture pools, where it often occurs together with the mountain newt. The common toad ( Bufo bufo ) and the common frog ( Rana temporaria ) also rise with larger populations up to the tree line. Of the reptile species, the mountain lizard ( Zootoca vivipara ) is the most common, but the slow worm ( Anguis fragilis ) is also more widespread in the high-montane zone. Particularly in the area of Almtümpel one often finds the grass snake ( Natrix natrix ), which benefits from amphibians wealth. The adder ( Vipera berus ) is widespread, but only more common locally.
Alpine choughs ( Pyrrhocorax graculus ) and common ravens ( Corvus corax ) are common. With Ptarmigan ( Lagopus muta ), black grouse ( Lyrurus tetrix ), hazel grouse ( Tetrastes bonasia ) and capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus ) four grouse species in the area are indigenous. Alpenbraunelle ( Prunella collaris ) and snow finch ( Montifringilla nivalis ) were also detected. The Dachstein massif is also the distribution area of the golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ).
natural reserve
Large parts of the Dachstein massif are under nature protection . In 2001, the Dachstein area in Upper Austria in the communities of Gosau, Hallstatt and Obertraun (n098) with 136 km² was designated as a nature reserve. In 1991, the Styrian Dachstein Plateau (NSG-18a) nature reserve with 74 km² was enacted in Styria.
In the municipality of Ramsau am Dachstein there is the natural monument of the Dachstein South Crash and Edelgriess Glacier (NDM No. 784).
history
Bronze age
Alpine farming was already practiced on the Dachstein massif during the Bronze Age . The remains of huts on high alpine pastures are evidence of prehistoric alpine farming from 1700 to 1100 BC. The oldest remains of the settlement could be traced back to 1685 BC by means of radiocarbon dating . To be dated. The heyday of this alpine farming was between 1440 and 1260 BC. BC, which coincides with that of the Bronze Age salt mining in Hallstatt and suggests a connection.
Heilbronn tragedy
On Maundy Thursday , April 15, 1954, ten students and three teachers from the Heilbronn Boys' Middle School (today's Dammrealschule) set out on a day hike around the Krippenstein in good weather . In Obertraun they were warned of the changeable weather. Nevertheless, they continued their hike and reached the Schönbergalm already completely soaked , where they were warned again. During the ascent they met two workers who also warned them of the storm. Within a very short time, a meter of snow fell and the thick fog in the treeless karst terrain made any orientation impossible. The members of the group tried to save themselves by building an "igloo", but then they left again. All students and teachers froze to death. It was only after 43 days, on May 28th, that the last two missing persons could be found during the largest relief operation in the Austrian history of alpine mountain rescue: the leader of the group, teacher Hans Seiler, and the 16-year-old student Rolf Mößner. They were 100 m south of the Speikberg groups between the Lower and the High Speikberg. Seiler held Mößner tightly, both lay on their stomachs; Mößner wore neither headgear nor gloves. The victims were taken to the federal sports school in Obertraun on the same day, where a simple farewell party later took place. The Heilbronn cross in the Dachstein massif and a memorial stone in the Heilbronn main cemetery are a reminder of this disaster.
Name customer
The northern and central part of the Dachsteinstock, around today's Auf dem Stein , was historically called the Kammergebirge , and has been seen as the southern end of the historical Ischlland , which extends from Bad Ischl south to Hallstatt ( Inneres Salzkammergut ) at the north foot , at least since the late Middle Ages , the old core of the Salzkammergut . The north-east breaks to the Ausseerland , on the other hand, were called Koppengebirg , the south breaks to the Ennstal Kemetgebirge . The name of the south-western main massif was only carried over to the entire floor in the 20th century.
The name Dachstein itself probably comes from * Dorstein 'Donnerstein', probably in relation to the summer thunderstorms that form here. The sound change "r" before consonant to "ch" is a local dialect (and is analogous to Sarstein , dialectal Sochstoan ). Therefore, the Torstein ( 2948 m above sea level ), one of the secondary peaks of the Hohe Dachstein, should bear the "original" name ( there is also a peak of the same name in the Totes Gebirge). The later interpretation of (local) "roof of the world" is folk etymology .
Mountain sports
Hiking and mountaineering
Archduke Johann managed to cross the Dachstein massif for the first time in 1810 . He crossed the main ridge over the Feisterscharte in the area of today's Guttenberghaus. Two years later, Archduke Karl made an attempt to reach the summit of the Hohe Dachstein , but had to turn back at the Hallstatt Glacier. In 1819 the Torstein, the westernmost peak in the Dachstein south face, was first climbed by Jakob Buchsteiner; The main summit, the Hohe Dachstein, followed in 1834 by Karl Thurwieser and Peter Gappmayr .
Friedrich Simony devoted many years to researching the area in the 19th century. In 1847 he made the first winter ascent. Simony also laid out numerous paths and huts to make the Dachstein accessible to others. On August 14, 1872, his older son Oskar Simony was the first to stand on the Mitterspitz, the third major summit in the Dachstein main ridge. Finally, the younger son, Arthur Simony, followed as the first to climb the Koppenkarstein on August 20, 1873.
The marked and signposted network of trails in the Dachstein massif is maintained by the PES. The Via Alpina , a cross-border long-distance hiking trail with five partial trails through the entire Alps, also runs through the Dachstein massif, with two stages of the Violet Trail leading through this area:
- Stage A33 runs from Gosau to the Theodor-Körner-Hütte via the Gablonzer Hütte
- Stage A34 runs from the Theodor-Körner-Hütte to Lungötz via the Hofpürglhütte
There are many mountain huts in the Dachstein massif, most of which are operated by the Alpine Club. In addition, huts for nature lovers and private accommodations offer overnight accommodation for hikers. Mountain huts of the Dachstein massif (selection):
| hut | Altitude [m above sea level] A.] |
|---|---|
| Hofpürglhütte | 1705 |
| Gablonzer Hut | 1550 |
| Stuhlalm | 1450 |
| Theodor-Körner-Hut | 1466 |
| hut | Altitude [m above sea level] A.] |
|---|---|
| Adamek Hut | 2196 |
| Guttenberghaus | 2147 |
| Seethalerhütte | 2741 |
| Simonyhütte | 2206 |
| Gjaidalm | 1760 |
| Dachstein south wall hut | 1871 |
Alpinism
There are also numerous climbing routes throughout the area. The best known and most interesting are in the area of the almost vertically falling south walls:
- Steinerweg (Hoher Dachstein, classic route, IV + )
- Pichlweg (Hoher Dachstein, classic route, IV)
- Koppenkarstein south face (classic route, IV)
- "Merci Cerri" (Koppenkarstein, sport climbing route)
- "Der Johann" (Dachsteinwarte, via ferrata)
- "Ramsauer Klettersteig" (Scheichenspitze, via ferrata)
A special feature of the Dachstein is a pedestrian tunnel that connects the mountain station of the Dachsteinsüdwandbahn with the entrance to the Ramsau via ferrata and with the ski tour descent through the Edelgrieß.
Winter sports
There are several ski areas in the Dachstein massif. The Dachstein-West ski area extends between Gosau , Rußbach and Annaberg . There are 70 lifts with 160 km of slopes available. The Filzmoos ski area offers 8 lifts with 13 km of slopes. The Dachstein Glacier ski area can be reached with the Dachstein Südwandbahn cable car. It offers 5 lifts with 4 kilometers of slopes. In Ramsau am Dachstein there is a ski area with 8 lifts with 25 kilometers of slopes as well as a center for cross-country skiing. There are over 200 km of trails and the high-altitude trail in the glacier area. The Freesports Arena Dachstein Krippenstein ski area can be reached from Obertraun . There are 7 lifts with 13 km of slopes. The mountains are also suitable for snowshoe and ski tours. Winter markings run from the Gjaid Alm to the mountain station of the Südwandbahn cable car on the Huner Kogel, as well as from the Gjaid Alm via the Simony Hütte to the Hohe Dachstein.
economy
Mountain railways
The area is accessed by two cable cars :
- Dachstein cable car in Obertraun up to the Krippenstein: This system, consisting of a total of four cable cars, takes visitors to the ice caves and to the Krippenstein. In winter there are also some ski runs available here. The Krippenstein has recently established itself as an important center for freeriding in Austria.
- Dachstein-Südwandbahn in Ramsau am Dachstein : The cable car overcomes 1000 m without a single support and ends on the Hunerkogel ( 2687 m ) at Gjaidstein, one of the lowest summit points on the south face.
Touristic attractions
Other tourist attractions are:
- Dachstein giant ice cave , Dachstein mammoth cave and Koppenbrüller cave : all three cave systems can be reached from Obertraun.
- Many hiking trails, especially on the wooded hilltops that are upstream in the south: Bachlalm , Brandriedl etc.
- Silberkarklamm: small, steep gorge in the southeast
- Alpine Museum: small Alpine history collection in the basement of the Austriahütte am Brandriedl.
- Cave Museum: Located near the Schönbergalm cable car station on the way to the Dachstein Mammut Cave and includes: a. a 3D model of the same and a lot of information about the history of the exploration of the caves in the area.
Observation structures
After 170 days of construction, an approx. 100 m long suspension bridge (at 2700 m altitude Austria's highest) to the Ice Palace and at its end was built on the Hunerkogel (about 3 km north and almost 1 km west of the center of Ramsau am Dachstein) on July 30, 2013 , the stairs to nowhere (14 steps to a moved, lower, glass viewing platform).
cards
- Alpine Club Map page 14 (Dachstein Mountains), 1: 25,000; Austrian Alpine Club 2012; ISBN 978-3-928777-27-8 .
- Gerhard W. Mandl : Geological map of the Dachstein region 1: 50,000 . Ed .: Federal Geological Institute and Federal Environment Agency. Vienna 1998 ( geologie.ac.at [accessed November 27, 2019]).
literature
- Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government, nature conservation department (ed.): Nature and landscape / models for Upper Austria. Volume 36: The Limestone High Alps spatial unit . Linz 2007 ( land-oberoesterreich.gv.at [PDF; accessed on July 29, 2019]).
- Gerhard W. Mandl, Dirk van Husen, Harald Lobitzer: Explanations for sheet 96 Bad Ischl . Federal Geological Institute, Vienna 2012 PDF Online
- Franz Mandl, Harald Stadler (Hrsg.): Archeology in the Alps. Everyday life and cult (= research reports by ANISA. 3 / Nearchos. Volume 19). House in the Ennstal 2010.
- Ulrike Pistotnik, Ingrid Spitzbart, Johannes Thomas Weidinger (eds.): The Dachstein in climate change. 2014.
- Rainer Hochhold: The glaciers of the Dachstein group . Ed .: Institute of Geography at the University of Innsbruck. Innsbruck 1978 ( anisa.at [PDF; accessed on November 28, 2019]).
- Roman Moser: Dachstein Glacier and its traces in advance . Hallstatt Museum Association (ed.). Hallstatt 1997, DNB 955467314 .
- Friedrich Simony: The Dachstein area . E. Hölzl, Vienna 1895, OCLC 315101778 .
Web links
- Entry on Dachstein in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Individual evidence
- ^ Roman Moser: Dachstein Glacier and its traces in advance. Museum Association Hallstatt (ed.), Hallstatt 1997, p. 38.
- ^ A b Gerhard Mandl: Geological map of the Dachstein region .
- ↑ Harald Lobitzer: Geological walks: Ausseerland - Salzkammergut . Ed .: Publishing house of the Federal Geological Institute in Vienna with the Kammerhof Museum Bad Aussee. Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-85316-063-3 , pp. 26-28 .
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government: nature and landscape / models for Upper Austria. Volume 36: The Kalkhochalpen spatial unit. P. 18.
- ^ Gerhard Mandl: Gerhard W. Mandl, Dirk van Husen, Harald Lobitzer: Explanations for sheet 96, Bad Ischl p. 123.
- ^ Günter Stummer, Lukas Plan: Handbook for the Austrian Cave Directory. Association of Austrian Speleologists, Vienna 2002, p. 125 ( PDF online ).
- ↑ The longest caves in Austria. (PDF) Association of Austrian Speleologists, accessed on November 25, 2019 .
- ↑ Rainer Hochhold: The glaciers of the Dachstein group p. 5.
- ↑ Parapuzosia seppenradensis - The giant ammonite from Gosau. www.gosaunet.at, accessed on December 2, 2019 .
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government: nature and landscape / models for Upper Austria. Volume 36: The Kalkhochalpen spatial unit. P. 15.
- ^ Climate data from Austria 1971–2000. ZAMG , accessed November 25, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Gerhard Pils : The flora of Upper Austria. Ennsthaler, Steyr 1999, pp. 62 and 206–215.
- ↑ Botanical Working Group at the Biology Center Linz: Atlas of the vascular flora of the Dachstein area. In: Stapfia. Volume 43, Linz 1996 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ^ Office of Upper Austria. Provincial government: nature and landscape / models for Upper Austria. Volume 36: The Kalkhochalpen spatial unit. Pp. 36-39.
- ↑ Martin Brader, Gerhard Aubrecht (editorial): Atlas of Breeding Birds in Upper Austria. Denisia 7, Linz 2003 ( online , landesmuseum.at).
- ↑ Helmut Steiner: The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Upper Austrian Limestone Alps. In: Egretta - Ornithological News from Austria. 42, Salzburg 1999, pp. 172-173.
- ^ Franz Mandl: Alpine pastures and salt. Hallstatt's Bronze Age Dachstein Alm (interim report) . Haus im Ennstal February 1, 2007, p. 4th f . ( online [PDF; 375 kB ; accessed on July 11, 2012]).
- ^ The Good Friday Tragedy 1954. Research on the Heilbronn tragedy, accessed on April 5, 2018.
- ↑ Dachstein massif . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 14, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 246.
- ^ Peter Wiesinger: Place names and settlement history in the Salzkammergut. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 149, No. 1, 2004, p. 556 (full article pp. 543-560; PDF (2.3 MB) on ZOBODAT ; there p. 14).
- ↑ Austria ski areas. In: bergfex.at. bergfex GmbH, accessed on September 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Suspension bridge & "stairs to nowhere". In: schladming-dachstein.at, accessed on April 5, 2018.