Hallstatt Glacier
| Hallstatt Glacier | ||
|---|---|---|
 Hallstatt Glacier in 2008 |
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| location | Upper Austria | |
| Mountains | Dachstein Mountains | |
| Type | Mountain glacier | |
| length | 2.1 km (2011) | |
| surface | 3.58 km² (1987) | |
| Exposure | Northeast | |
| Altitude range | 2910 m above sea level A. - 2080 m above sea level A. | |
| Ice thickness | ⌀ 33 m; Max. 92 m (1987) | |
| Ice volume | 0.118 km³ (1987) | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 28 '47 " N , 13 ° 36' 41" E | |
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| drainage | Waldbach → Traun | |
The Hallstätter Glacier (also called Karleisfeld in earlier times ) is the largest of the Dachstein glaciers, the glacier of the Dachstein massif .
location
The Hallstatt Glacier stretches directly below the northern foot of the Dachstein summit to the ice lakes below the Simonyhütte, which is 2205 m high . To the east, the Hallstatt Glacier is bounded by the Hohen Gjaidstein . At the end of the tongue, it is markedly closed to the west by the Schöberl ( 2426 m ), above it is limited by the east flank of the south-north train of the Hohen Kreuz at 2837 meters. In the upper third, the striking Eisstein landmark is surrounded by the glacier. At its roots in the south, it is also separated from the Hunerkogel and dirndls .
As a typical karst glacier, the Hallstatt glacier does not have an above-ground runoff; the meltwater is discharged through an underground cave system. A large part of it reappears at the source of the Waldbach and flows over the Waldbach to Lake Hallstatt and thus to the Traun .
Glacier stands
Years ago, some 18,000 had the great Würm - Ice Age its last peak. The entire southern Salzkammergut was crossed by a network of ice streams. The terminal moraines of this glacial period form an almost closed range from Traunkirchen to Gmunden . Several times in the late glacial the climate deteriorated, but the disintegration of the ice stream network was only interrupted by brief advances.
Around 10,000 before today (end of the late glacial - start of the postglacial ) the Dachstein glacier had retreated to the plateau "Am Stein". Another interruption of the melting process with active glacier behavior is called " Egesenstand " in the Alps . Since there are no clear moraines of this advance on the Dachstein - certainly due to the terrain - this glacier level has to be reconstructed mathematically. With a snow level of around 2200 m , the Hallstätter plateau glacier at that time was likely to have taken up a total of around 1370 ha, of which 820 ha were in the nutrient area and 550 ha in the consumption area .
Probably only a few hundred years later the Hallstatt Glacier had retreated into the Taubenkar, in the large sinkholes like the Zirmgrube there were probably still bodies of dead ice , which left behind “pseudo moraines ” when they finally melted away . Only a wall that can be seen in the south of the Taubenkar, on which the remains of the dilapidated Taubenkar Alm are, testifies to an advance or a longer stationary phase of the glacier (Taubenkarstand).
Moraines , which start an average of 30 m outside the 1850 moraine on the eastern slope of the Taubenriedel and descend parallel to them into the Obere Taubenkar, were assigned to the early Fernau stage in the older literature, but must be of a significantly older age, as there are several between these two moraine courses Karst tables with base heights up to 5 cm can be observed. These karst tables, which were created on limestone ground free from vegetation, are a specialty. Boulders "protect" the subsoil from mechanical and chemical erosion , creating a base. This phenomenon, which can often be observed on glaciers and is known as the glacier table, takes several millennia to develop in the rock. Depending on the nature of the lime, location and exposure, approx. 1 cm in 1000 years can be given as a guideline or rough value. The presence of karst tables with the aforementioned bases up to 5 cm in the area between the 1850s moraines and the moraines of the Taubenriedlstand now proves that this area must have been free of ice for several millennia, the so-called "Taubenriedelstand" would therefore indicate an advance (glacier fluctuation ) indicate around 4,000 to 6,000 years ago.
Around 1600 the climate worsened again (" Little Ice Age "), several advances were made, and the Hallstatt Glacier finally reached its greatest expansion in several millennia around the middle of the last century (1856 level). The subsequent retreat, interrupted only by a brief advance around 1920, is v. a. documented by the research and drawings of Friedrich Simony .
As with the vast majority of Austrian glaciers, its length has been declining for several years, from 2014 to 2015 it decreased by an average of 21.7 m, with the tongue shortened by 41.8 m.
literature
- Roman Moser: The glaciation in the Dachstein and its traces in advance . Geographic Institute of the Univ. Innsbruck. 1954
- Rainer Hochhold: The glaciers of the Dachstein group . Geographic Institute of the Univ. Innsbruck. 1978
- Roman Moser: The Hallstatt Glacier - today the largest glacier in the Northern Limestone Alps . In: Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter 8 (1954) 1–2, p. 103, digitized version (PDF; 184 kB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
- Herbert Weingartner: Hallstatt Glacier educational trail - a companion through the mountainous landscape on the Dachstein . Atelier Tintifax, Breitenfurt.
- I. Kretschmer: Friedrich Simony - explorer of the Karls-Eisfeld. Dachstein (Upper Austria). In: Wiss. Alpine Club 38, p. 2004, pp. 31–73 (in the booklet also further articles on the Dachstein glaciers , including: K. Brunner: The map “Das Karls-Eisfeld” in the context of the first exact glacier maps. Pp. 9–30, attachment).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b WGMS: Fluctuations of Glaciers Database. World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich 2012 ( doi: 10.5904 / wgms-fog-2012-11 ), accessed on February 7, 2013
- ↑ M. Mergili: Compilation of the changes in length of the Austrian glaciers 1970–2013. ( online ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ). Based on: Austrian Alpine Association: Glacier Reports. Collective reports on the glacier measurements of the Austrian Alpine Club from 1971 to 2011. Compiled by H. Kinzl, G. Patzelt, A. Fischer. In: Messages from the Austrian Alpine Club / Uphill. Volume 27-67. Retrieved April 30, 2013
- ↑ a b c University of Vienna, Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics: Seismic ice thickness measurements of Austrian glaciers. In: Archive for deposit research of the Federal Geological Institute. Vienna 1987, Volume 8, p. 27f ( online ; PDF file; 320 kB)
- ^ Alfred Mayr: The Hallstatt drinking water. Hydrogeological studies from the Dachstein area. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association, 101. Volume, Linz 1956, pp. 319–332 ( PDF file; 3.3 MB ( memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and still not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. )
- ↑ Hochhold, Rainer (1978) p. 93f
- ↑ Hochhold, Rainer (1978) p. 92
- ↑ On the classification of the glacier stands on Taubenriedel: Hochhold, Rainer (1978) pp. 88–96. Possible equivalents to the Taubenriedel stand would be the "Löbbenschwankung" (3500 - approx. 3100 BP), the "Rotmoosschwankung" (5300 - 5500 BP) or the "Frosnitzschwankung" (6600 - 6000 BP). See: Patzelt, Gernot (1973): The postglacial glacier and climate fluctuations in the Venediger group. Journal of Geomorphology, Supplement 16, pp. 58–66.
- ↑ Hochhold, Rainer (1978) p. 109ff
- ↑ glacier report of the PES , February 2016
