Eisseen (Dachstein Mountains)
Map with all coordinates: As ice lakes lakes in the Dachstein Mountains in the Austrian province of Upper Austria called. They form the glacier end lakes of the retreating Hallstatt Glacier .
Location and landscape
The ice lakes are located around 3 kilometers northeast of the Dachstein summit , north of the 2794 m high Gjaidstein at an altitude of around 2000 meters.
Photo from Friedrich Simony's estate
(Lower) ice lake
|
Eissee Unterer or Großer Eissee |
|
|---|---|
|
|
| View to the Lower Eissee, in the background on the right the Taubenkogel | |
| Geographical location | Upper Austria |
| Tributaries | only intermittently |
| Drain | none (underground to Lake Hallstatt → Traun → Danube → Black Sea ) |
| Data | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 29 ′ 50 ″ N , 13 ° 38 ′ 17 ″ E |
| Altitude above sea level | 1909 m above sea level A. |
| surface | 2.67 hectares |
| length | 280 m |
| width | 150 m |
| scope | 760 m |
|
particularities |
Glacier end / moraine lake ; Currently 1907 above sea level |
The (lower) ice lake lies at 1909 m above sea level. A. in a shallow car , the pigeon car . It was created by the melting of the Dachstein glacier , which reached down to 1,800 m until around the middle of the 19th century . When the glacier retreated (today the tongue is around 2200 m ), the lower ice lake remained in the basin, as the moraine gravel here is lined with lime silt. Still a dead ice floe in 1890 , the lake was first identified in 1894, and was mapped by M. Groller in 1896, when it was largely the size it is today
For a long time after its creation, around the turn of the century, larger dead ice fields could be found on its banks ; today they have disappeared. The lower ice lake has neither an above-ground inflow nor an outflow, and increasingly silts up from the mountain side.
Obere Eissee (s)
The Obere Eissee , also known as the Kleine Eissee , was about 700 meters west of the Lower Eissee at an altitude of about 2070 m above sea level. A. ( ⊙ ) below the Simonyhütte and the Dachstein chapel , at the Eis-Joch ( 2150 m ). It was created as the glacier continued to retreat during the 20th century. In 1921 the ice had retreated so far for the first time that a small lake initially formed at its end. As a result of further melting, this quickly grew to around 100 × 50 meters at a depth of up to ten meters, but has now shrunk to only a fifth of this size due to the weather. In 1951 it covered an area of 4 hectares, at which time the glacier was still calving into the lake. Meanwhile, the ice has retreated far from the lake shore, in the 2010s around 1000 meters.
The Upper Ice Lake has become silted in several small lakes divided, of which the largest nurmehr almost 2,000 m² includes ( 2062 m above sea level. A. ⊙ , 2059 m above sea level. A. ⊙ , 2072 m above sea level. A. ⊙ , 2061 m above sea level. A. ⊙ , 2073 m above sea level ⊙ ).
More lakes
In the neighboring valley of the upper lakes, on the southeast side of the Eis-Joch directly above the lower Eissee, there is another nameless glacier end lake ( 2116 m above sea level ⊙ ).
Older glacier retreat lakes were located out of the valley in the lower Taubenkar near the dilapidated alpine huts ( 2116 m above sea level ⊙ ) and below ( 1820 m above sea level ⊙ , 1823 m above sea level ⊙ ), as well as in the middle of the 20th century Zirm pit ( 1793 m above sea level. A. ⊙ ).
In addition, to the east, directly at the southern foot of the Vorderen Gjaidstein ( 2414 m ), there is still a glacier residual lake without a name ( 2380 m above sea level ⊙ ).
natural reserve
The lake group is located in the European protected area Dachstein ( FFH / BSG , AT3101000 / EU02 ) and in the nature reserve Dachstein in the municipalities of Gosau, Hallstatt and Obertraun ( N098 ), and belongs to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape ( WHS 806 ). The Dachstein is also a water reserve .
literature
- Erik Arnberger, Erwin Wilthum: The glaciers of the Dachsteinstock in the past and present . In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association . tape 97 . Upper Austrian Museum Association, Linz 1952, p. 181–214 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- 57 Lower Ice Lake ; 58 Upper Ice Lake (3-5). In: Hannes Loderbauer: Seventy-six Salzkammergut lakes . Volume 19 of the Gmundner book series . 1st edition. Landesverlag, Linz 1979, ISBN 978-3-85214-212-8 . 2nd edition udT: The Salzkammergut and its 76 lakes. Hikes and Walks . Landesverlag, Linz 1985, ISBN 3-85214-411-6 , p. 163 ff .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Digital elevation model, online on DORIS
- ↑ Arnberger / Wilthum 1952, p. 183f (p. 5f in the PDF) and Fig. 1 The tongue positions of the Karlseisfeld in the Upper Taubenkar. Longitudinal profile. Dev .: E. Withum, p. 193 ( p. 15 in the PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ Roland Schmidt, Limnological Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences: Pollen analysis studies on the postglacial vegetation history of the Dachstein Mountains . In: Linz Biological Contributions . Linz 1978 ( PDF on ZOBODAT [accessed on November 28, 2009]).
- ↑ Arnberger / Wilthum 1952, pp. 200–202.
- ↑ These are still recorded in the AV map Dachstein Group, 1958 edition, at the alpine huts and in the Zirmgrube as little lakes, the others as mud
- ↑ This is not yet recorded on maps from the 1960s.