Hallstatt
|
market community Hallstatt
|
||
|---|---|---|
| coat of arms | Austria map | |
 |
|
|
| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Upper Austria | |
| Political District : | Gmunden | |
| License plate : | GM | |
| Surface: | 59.72 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 34 ' N , 13 ° 39' E | |
| Height : | 511 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 754 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Population density : | 13 inhabitants per km² | |
| Postal code : | 4830 | |
| Area code : | 06134 | |
| Community code : | 4 07 09 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Seestrasse 158 4830 Hallstatt |
|
| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Alexander Scheutz ( SPÖ ) | |
|
Municipal Council : (Election year: 2015) (13 members) |
||
| Location of Hallstatt in the Gmunden district | ||
  |
||
 Hallstatt (view from the north) |
||
| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Hallstatt is a market town with 754 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Salzkammergut in the federal state of Upper Austria in Austria and is located on Lake Hallstatt . Together with the Dachstein and the Inner Salzkammergut , it is part of the Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut UNESCO World Heritage Site . According to finds in an extensive cemetery above the town, a period of the older Iron Age (800 to 450 BC) is known as the Hallstatt Period. The community is located in the judicial district of Bad Ischl .
geography
Hallstatt is located in the inner Salzkammergut on the west bank of Lake Hallstatt . On the narrow shoreline between the lake and the steep mountain slope, the houses are crowded together, and some are even built into the lake with stakes. Essentially, the old main town consists of a street parallel to the lake shore and a few alleys around the market square. The extension of the municipality is 13 km from north to south and 9.1 km from west to east. The total area is 59.8 km², 34.8% of the area is forested.
climate
| Hallstatt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate diagram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Average monthly temperatures for Hallstatt
Source: klima.org
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Community structure
Localities (population as of January 1, 2020):
- Gosauzwang , also called Gosaumühle , on the middle Hallstätter See, at the mouth of the Gosaubach (locality code 08682, ZIP 4823, 9 inhabitants ⊙ )
- Hallstatt , main town (08683, ZIP 4830, 293 inhabitants)
- Lahn , south of the town of Hallstatt, in the Echerntal , at the foot of the Dachstein massif (08684, ZIP 4830, 452 inhabitants ⊙ )
- Salzberg , Mühlbachtal and the Hallstatt salt mountain plateau (08685, ZIP 4830, 0 inhabitants ⊙ )
Neighboring communities
| Bad Goisern on Lake Hallstatt | ||
| Gosau |
.svg)
|
Obertraun |
| Ramsau am Dachstein Styria |
traffic
The cramped geographical location on the lake is reflected in the special features of the transport connections:
Until the end of the 19th century, Hallstatt could only be reached by boat (from Obertraun or Untersee) or on foot along narrow mule tracks . In the village itself, the small space between mountain and lake had been used to the last. Connections between the houses on the lake were only possible by boat or via the "upper path", a narrow corridor through attics.
It was not until 1875 that Hallstatt was opened up by Gosaumühle (Gosauzwang, in the north-west) with a road that was partially blasted into the rock. Citizens' protests against the construction of the road along the lakeshore to the south resulted in the first referendum in Austria in 1958 , in which the population rejected a lakeshore road through the town. In 1966, the west of the town in the mountain running was the only road seebegleitende double tunnel opened, since the West Bank is continuously passable. A parking lot terrace in the Mühlbachschlucht between the tunnel sections offers a view and a footpath into the village.
In 1877 the Hallstatt train station of the Salzkammergut Railway was opened. It is located on the opposite east bank of the lake, about 1 km away. A route on the extremely steep west bank was rejected for geological and orographic reasons. A shipping line, which was still the only Austrian postal line to be used by ship on the Austrian postal traffic map around 1990, provides the connection from the train station to the market. In particularly cold winters, a snowmobile replaced the ice. Since around 1995, the Post has been traveling mainly by truck and thus by road to Hallstatt.
history
The inhospitable mountain area, which is hostile to settlement, may have been visited as early as the Neolithic . The reason for this is the rich natural salt deposits that have been mined for thousands of years. The oldest finds (e.g. an ancient Neolithic shoe last wedge ) date from around 5000 BC. However, such stone implements were also widely negotiated as thunderbolts in the Middle Ages and modern times. In 1846 Johann Georg Ramsauer discovered a burial ground high up on the Salzberg . One of the first iron smiths was also excavated here. Brisk trade and the associated prosperity enabled the development of a high culture, which was named after the findings in the Salzberghochtal Hallstatt culture , from around 800 to 400 BC. Chr. And made the name of the place known all over the world.
There is no documentary evidence from the early Middle Ages, and there is no archaeological evidence of settlement continuity. In 1311 Hallstatt gained market rights, a sign that the place was of economic importance. The place name is a typical Hall name for salt production.
The slope-driven brine pipeline to the north to the brewery in Ebensee am Traunsee has been in operation since 1607 , where there was more firewood. This industrial pipeline, the oldest still active in the world, was originally built from drilled conifer trunks, but is now made of iron and plastic. It bridges the mouth of the Gosaubach and is accompanied by the 40 km long brine hiking trail. In addition to salt production, tourism has been of central importance since the 20th century.
On June 18, 2013, the flood-bearing Mühlbach made its way through the town center after blockages . In addition to the water masses of the Mühlbach, the lake level rose in some houses, as there is no bypass for the 500-year-old listed weir at the end of the lake, the Seeklause in Steeg .
On August 21, 2018, a discarded cigarette set off a forest fire in the Echernwand. As a precautionary measure, the via ferrata, the operation of the funicular to the Rudolfsturm and the salt mine had to be closed. The fire was extinguished with the help of several helicopters, including a Blackhawk from the Austrian Armed Forces.
On Saturday, November 30, 2019, there was a relatively large fire on the western edge of the town center , which started from a wooden hut on the shore, grew out in the dark of the morning and was also fought. Three huts standing next to each other and a car in them have burned out. Three houses, some of wood, across the street were badly damaged on the facade and roof. The mayor called for people not to visit the market town this weekend due to ongoing clean-up work. As of August 2020, the houses have been renovated, only one of the huts is in ruins. According to the mayor, a development plan that is necessary after the fire can only be drawn up once the property owners have agreed on the land line. Then similar huts will be built again.
coat of arms
Blazon : split between red and blue; on the right a silver bar , on the left a golden, upright rudder .
Market coat of arms was in 1494 by the future Emperor Maximilian I granted. The rudder indicates that shipping on Lake Hallstatt was once important for the residents of the market. The colors red-white-red , the binding shield , denote the Habsburg sovereign rule over the saltworks town.
religion
According to the 2001 census, 63% of the population profess the Catholic Church and 26% the Evangelical Church . This is reflected in the townscape through the two churches that are close to each other, whereby the significantly younger, lower-lying Evangelical Church is, as it is said, “as close” to heaven as the Catholic parish church, which is in a raised, flood-proof position.
As in many mining communities in Austria, the Lutheran teachings fell on fertile ground in Hallstatt . It was not until the troops of Salzburg's Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau that the Counter-Reformation gained victory at the beginning of the 17th century . In the middle of the 18th century, hundreds of Protestants were expelled from Hallstatt and deported to Transylvania (see: Landler ) .
It was not until Joseph II's patent of tolerance of 1781 that the Protestants around the Dachstein were partially allowed to practice their religion again. The Protestant Patent Franz Joseph she put with Catholics largely the same, and the neo-Gothic church was built near the lake. 1863
education
- HTBLA Hallstatt : The school with a student dormitory includes two branches of training with a Matura, various technical schools and master schools and the vocational maturity examination.
economy
After tourism with around 140,000 overnight stays per year (as of 2017/18) and the focus on day tourism, salt mining is still the most important economic factor in the town.
Overtourism
The annual visit of 600,000 to 700,000 (according to other estimates from 2018 up to 900,000) mainly from Asia, especially China, day visitors arriving in the few streets of the small town, as a typical case of overtourism, meanwhile causes controversy about the tolerable level of tourism and a limitation of the access of tour groups arriving with excursion buses. This problem has already been addressed in the ORF documentaries "Hallstatt sweet-sour" (2015) and "Am Schauplatz: Die Chinesenommen" (2018) as well as in an article by Spiegel . From autumn 2020, coaches will only be allowed to drive in and allow their groups to disembark in time slots previously allocated by the local tourist office and only offered in a limited way. The regulation includes, among other things, that every bus must stay in Hallstatt for at least 2.5 hours and a fee of € 80 must be paid. The number of bus arrivals distributed evenly over the period from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. should be limited to 54 per day, this corresponds to roughly half the number of buses on peak days in 2018.
power plant
The Austrian Federal Forests have been operating a small power plant in the Echerntal since August 2013 . The system takes 1.6 m³ / s, which is about a third of the normal discharge, from the forest stream and uses a head of 330 m. With an output of 4.7 MW, it feeds an annual generation of 22,000 MWh into the public grid. The power house with a shop window was designed in coordination with the municipality, the historic Malerweg was preserved, and a straightened feeder water was renatured. In the course of the construction work for the power plant, the drinking water pipeline for Hallstatt was renewed. In 2018, a drinking water power plant with an output of 68 kW was installed in the power house .
Culture and sights
The region and the romantic place were in 1997 by the UNESCO for World Heritage appointed. This makes them one of only 20 world heritage sites in the world that have simultaneously received the title of natural and cultural heritage.
Attractions for tourism are the landscape, Lake Hallstatt, the mountains with the Dachstein , caves (the giant ice and the mammoth cave) in the neighboring town of Obertraun and, last but not least, the place with its art monuments, the museum and the mine.
- Catholic parish church Maria Himmelfahrt , Maria am Berg: The late Gothic parish church Maria Himmelfahrt,completed in 1505,sits enthroned on a rock above the roofs of the village. The mighty tower is the only remaining part of a previous church from 1320. The two-aisled hall church houses - in the rightaisle- the Hallstatt Marien Altar , a late Gothic convertible altar from Upper Austria, as the most important cultural and historical sight. This miner's altar with two pairs of wings was created around 1515 in the workshop of the Gmundner carver Leonhard Astl. - The somewhat older left altar from the 15th century was robbed of its 4 painted wing panels in 1987. The wings were then equipped with black and white replicas. The stolen pictures were found 30 years later in Italy, returned to Austria in 2017 and restored in 2018.
- Karner: On the north side of the church, in the cemetery, is the Karner with the small ossuary , which dates back to the 16th century. A total of 610 skulls are stacked on the bones of the deceased. After about 20 to 30 years, the bones are exhumed, bleached and then decorated: the person's name is usually written on the forehead about the date of birth and death, painted with dark wreaths made of oak leaves, ivy or flowers. The ossuary is unique in the world, as the bones of entire generations are completely preserved there.
- Hallstatt Museum : The museum owns, alongside the Natural History Museum Vienna , the second extensive collection of finds from the Hallstatt period in Austria.
- Hallstatt burial ground and salt tunnels: A footpath and the salt mountain railway lead up to the Hallstatt burial ground and the salt tunnels - the oldest in the world . From 1282 to 1284, Duke Albrecht I of Austria had the Rudolfsturm built here, which was named after his father, Rudolf I. It served as a defensive structure during the Salt War against Archbishop Konrad IV of Salzburg and was the home of the respective miner from 1313 until the middle of the 20th century. Today the tower houses a restaurant that is popular because of its view. The salt mine can be visited as part of a 70-minute tour. In 1734 the man was found in the salt , preserved by the dehydrating effect of the salt, after he was killed in a mining accident in the 4th century BC. Was killed. From March 2016, rehabilitation measures will be carried out in the long unused salt tunnels in order to be able to dig archaeologically again.
Regular events
- Lake procession on Lake Hallstatt: On Corpus Christi day , a well-known lake procession has taken place on Lake Hallstatt every year since 1623. The traditional plates , called “Fuhr”, or the “Mutzen” are used as an altar ship.
- Hallstättersee-Rundlauf: the Hallstättersee-Rundlauf, a half marathon, has been taking place on the first weekend in May since 1987
- Hallstatt Kulturell: is a series of events in summer; There is a free concert every Tuesday
- Salzkammergut Mozart Festival : annual festival in July and August
- Momentum : Hallstatt is the venue for the Momentum congress series, which has been attracting around 200 academics, politicians and politically interested people from the German-speaking social democracy every autumn since 2008
- Hallstatt swimming marathon : for the first time in 2011, athletes swim along the west bank from Bad Goisern via Hallstatt to Obertraun
Community partnerships
Hallstatt maintains a partnership with the city of Hallstadt in Germany.
Personalities
Born in Hallstatt, chronologically
- Matthias Bernegger (1582–1640), German philologist, university professor and Latin author
- Johann Georg Ramsauer (1795–1874), mining clerk and discoverer of the Iron Age burial ground
- Franz Roth (1837–1913), Austrian miner and fossil collector
- Gottlieb Roth (1869–1969), Austrian miner and fossil collector, son of Franz Roth
- Josef Wesenauer (1872–1959), from 1919 to 1931 member of the Upper Austrian Landtag
- Rainer Wimmer (* 1955), member of the National Council
- Herbert Thalhammer (* 1955), member of the Vorarlberg state parliament from 1987 to 1989
- Günther Madlberger (* 1979), Austrian journalist and radio presenter
People related to the place, chronologically
- Thomas Seeauer (around 1485 - around 1586), imperial forest and forest master in Hallstatt
- Georg Franz von Sumating (1659–1721), founder of the Kalvarienbergkirche
- Friedrich Simony (1813–1896), geographer and alpine researcher
- Eduard Swoboda (1814–1902), Austrian portrait, genre and history painter ; died in Hallstatt
- Albert Berg (1825–1884), German traveler and landscape painter; died in Hallstatt
- Johann von Chlumecký (1834–1924), Austrian lawyer and statesman; Initiator for founding the Hallstatt Wood School
- Otto Hieser (1850–1892), Austrian Art Nouveau architect; died in Hallstatt
- Josef Szombathy (1853–1943), Austrian prehistoric; Head of the excavations in the burial ground
- Erasmus von Handel (1860–1928), Austrian civil servant and politician; Honorary citizen of Hallstatt
- Heinrich Lissauer (1861-1891), German neurologist; died in Hallstatt
- Bernhard Faber (1862–1925), Austrian miner and fossil collector; died in Hallstatt
- Leopold Kober (1883–1970), Austrian geologist and university professor; died in Hallstatt
- Friedrich Morton (1890–1969), Austrian speleologist and travel writer
- Gudrun Baudisch-Wittke (1907–1982), founder of the "Ceramic Hallstatt" workshop
- Bela Rabelbauer (* 1934), businessman
- Siegwulf Turek (* 1950), Austrian director, set designer and projection designer
- Alexander Binder (* 1969), Austrian film director, cameraman and film producer
reception
Replica
In 2011, parts of Hallstatt began to be rebuilt to full scale for a residential project in Boluo County, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, China . The settlement for the wealthy opened in June 2012.
The Austrian artist Norbert Artner photographed the two Hallstatters in the HALLSTATT REVISITED project .
Location
Hallstatt was the filming location of the South Korean television series Spring Waltz from 2006. The location served the series makers as a perfect picturesque backdrop, which aroused great interest in East Asia and Southeast Asia and made Hallstatt known in these countries.
gallery
Hallstatt, around 1900 - jetty, boat landing, boat houses; 2 masts
View from the Rudolfsturm to the center of Hallstatt on the rubble cone
View from the land to the north of boathouses
Marienaltar in the cath. church
Hallstatt market square (2009)
Miner's house at the salt mine
Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Stollen
Calvary Church
See also
- Wilhelm Raabe humorously processed his stay in Hallstatt in 1859 in Celtic Bones (1864).
- Christoph Ransmayr reports in his short story "The Gravedigger of Hallstatt" about the place and the ossuary.
literature
- David Stifter: Hallstatt - In the Iron Age tradition? In: Raimund Karl & Jutta Leskovar (eds.): Interpreted Iron Times. Case studies, methods, theory. Conference contributions to the 1st Linz Discussions on Interpretative Iron Age Archeology (= studies on the cultural history of Upper Austria. 18). Upper Austrian State Museum, Linz 2005, pp. 229–240 ( PDF; 285 kB )
- Stephen Sokoloff: Golden paths, cultural and natural treasures in the Inner and Styrian Salzkammergut. Verlag Neumedia, Wels 2008, ISBN 978-3-200-01068-0 .
- Josef Fallnhauser: Hallstatt World Heritage. Music · Culture · Country · People / Music · Culture · Country · People. Verlag Anton Pustet, Salzburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7025-0856-2
Web links
- Website of the Hallstatt community
- 40709 - Hallstatt. Community data, Statistics Austria .
- Further information about the municipality of Hallstatt on the geo-information system of the federal state of Upper Austria .
- Hallstatt Museum
- Historical basic research
- Austria. Fire in the World Heritage Hallstatt on November 30, 2019 on tagesschau.de, accessed on December 1, 2019
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
- ↑ Seestraße and other traffic routes , in: www.hallstatt.net , accessed on April 25, 2019
- ↑ Michael Kurz: For the 700th anniversary of Hallstatt. ( pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ), cms.ttg.at)
- ^ Hallstatt.net History of Hallstatt, www.hallstatt.net, accessed on December 11, 2013
- ↑ hallstatt.net About Hallstatt> History> Detailed, www.hallstatt.net accessed on December 11, 2013
- ↑ derstandard.at Disaster alert : World Heritage Hallstatt sank in the mud, derstandard. at June 19, 2013
- ↑ salzburg24.at Again floods in Hallstatt, salzburg24.at from June 25, 2013
- ↑ Cigarette caused fire in Hallstatt . 23 August 2018 ( orf.at [accessed 23 August 2018]).
- ↑ Chronicle: Major fire in the World Heritage Site Hallstatt orf.at, November 30, 2019, accessed November 30, 2019.
- ↑ Hallstatt is fighting to rebuild the site orf.at, August 24, 2020, accessed August 24, 2020.
- ^ Province of Upper Austria: Coat of arms of the Hallstatt community
- ↑ Tourism statistics: Arrivals and overnight stays in the Hallstatt community. (PDF; 392 kB) In: land-oberoesterreich.gv.at. January 28, 2019, accessed April 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Too many tourists: Hallstatt pulls emergency brake kurier.at, May 13, 2018.
- ↑ When tourists step on locals' feet derstandard.de, August 29, 2017.
- ↑ TV documentary: "Hallstatt sweet-sour" broadcast homepage on orf.at, October 25, 2015.
- ^ “At the scene: The Chinese are coming” , broadcast homepage on orf.at, October 20, 2018
- ↑ Hasnain Kazim: Village in Austria: Why so many Chinese come to Hallstatt. In: Spiegel Online. October 20, 2018, accessed April 4, 2019 .
- ↑ Hallstatt limits tourist buses orf-online Upper Austria, January 29, 2019.
- ↑ How Hallstatt is defending itself against the flood of Chinese tourists nzz-online, 23 August 2019.
- ↑ Hallstatt small hydropower station bundesforste.at, accessed February 1, 2020.
- ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Center: Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape. Retrieved April 8, 2017 .
- ↑ Dachstein Salzkammergut: Unesco World Heritage region Dachstein-Salzkammergut in the heart of Austria. Retrieved April 8, 2017 .
- ↑ Where you can find us. Website of the Catholic Parish Hallstadt, archived from the original on April 14, 2011 ; accessed on December 29, 2017 .
- ↑ Stolen altarpieces are back orf.at, October 10, 2017, accessed October 11, 2017.
- ↑ Hallstatt altarpieces again "at home" orf.at, September 20, 2018, accessed September 20, 2018.
- ↑ Helmut Birkhan : Celts. Attempt to present an overall picture of their culture . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1997, p. 324.
- ↑ ooe.orf.at Renewed search for "Mann im Salz", orf.at, March 27, 2016, accessed March 27, 2016.
- ↑ The Chinese build Hallstatt - including the lake . In: ORF . June 14, 2011
- ↑ Hallstatt copy continues to cause excitement . In: Vorarlberg Online. June 15, 2011
- ↑ China Pirates Village . In: Sankaku Complex. June 18, 2011
- ↑ Markus Roman: Copied Alpine Village: Nobody wants to live in China's Hallstatt . In: T-Online . February 1, 2012
- ↑ Village double: China inaugurates a replica alpine village . In: Spiegel Online . June 2, 2012
- ↑ aec.at: HALLSTATT REVISITED ; Retrieved April 27, 2017
- ↑ flickriver.com: Hallstatt Revisited, Norbert Artner in cooperation with Thomas Macho and Ingrid Fischer-Schreiber ; Retrieved April 27, 2017
Altmünster | Bad Goisern on Lake Hallstatt | Bad Ischl | Ebensee am Traunsee | Gmunden | Gosau | Grünau im Almtal | Gschwandt | Hallstatt | Kirchham | Laakirchen | Obertraun | Ohlsdorf | Pinsdorf | Roitham am Traunfall | St. Conrad | St. Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut | Scharnstein | Traunkirchen | Vorchdorf
Upper Austria: Gosau • Bad Goisern • Hallstatt • Obertraun
Styria: Altaussee • Bad Aussee • Bad Mitterndorf • Gröbming • Aich • House • Ramsau
Salzburg: Filzmoos • Annaberg-Lungötz • Abtenau • Rußbach *
(clockwise; * ... only adjacent)