Hall (place name)

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Hal ( l ) is a component of many place names , which is particularly studied in connection with salt extraction from natural brine and salt mining .

To the etymological discourse

In historical research it has become common practice to explain the word with a Celtic origin. This is mainly justified by the fact that mining from the earlier Iron Age ( Hallstatt Period ) has been proven for some of the Hall locations , as well as with a likewise proven (but by far not as extensive as was at times assumed) settlement continuity from Alpine Celts to the Roman to the Bavarian land grab at least in the alpine region. In addition to etymological problems, it is particularly annoying that the name is only native to the southern Germanic- German area, but is missing in other old mainland Celtic language areas such as France. In addition, after the Celts , in the greater part of the Eastern Alps there was to be a Romance language as well as a Slavonic language layer (key toponyms: Welsche / Walchen -Orte and Wenden / Windisch -Orte ). so that the language root can at best have come into Germanic there.

Another interpretation is that this is an Old High German word from the early Middle Ages. This hypothesis was already lively discussed in the 1920s and has recently found its way back into the scientific discussion. An etymological proximity to rubble / overburden dump is currently being discussed, i.e. originally denoting the slope and later the mining on the slope (probably goes back to Jürgen Udolph 1999) It can also be found in a Bible glosse halhûs declared as Latin salina , in other manuscripts for the same biblical passage salina glossed with salasutî, -sutil, sulza , which allows an equivalence of halhûs and salasutî 'salt boiling plant'; Sulz 'mineral saturated water' can also be a salt name, for example for natural salt springs . Therefore, a derivation to Halle '(roofed) construction' appears to be possible for the brewhouse using mining . This is supported by the relative rarity of the word - not every place with a salt mine from this time is named on “Hall” - and the fact that it is usually not the mining area itself, but the valley town with the salt works that is named. An Old High German mention of the varieties halasalz ( 'salt obtained from brine '), merisalz (' sea ​​salt '), erdsalz ('salt from the earth, rock salt ') and lûtarsalz (natural lye salt, rock salt) is documented and suggests that there is less about the building itself, because it's about the product (as a substance name or process ).

The earliest mentions are found at Halle an der Saale ( Chronicon Moissiacense 806 as Halla), and older Romanesque salina superimposed in the south as at Bad Reichenhall ( Notitia Arnonis 8th century, ad salinas quae dicitur Hall , at the salt pans that are called Hall ', known as civitas ' city' 1156). Later documents are Schwäbisch Hall in the chronicle of Gislebert von Mons (1190 Hallam in Suevia ), Halle in Westphalia (first mentioned in 1246), Hall in Tirol (1232 salina in intal , 1256/63 ze Halle , mining: Halltal ), Bad Hall , Upper Austria ( Herzogenhall around 1287, first mentioned in 777 as salinam, que ad Sulzibach est , the saline that lies on the Sulzbach stream '), Hallstatt , Upper Austria (called 1311, mining at today's Hallstätter Salzberg ), Hallein , Salzburg (1st half of the 13th century ) Century, dismantled: Dürrnberg ), Hall near Admont , Styria (14th century, 931 as ad Adamunton locum patellarem 'Pfannstatt near Admont').

Another complex of meanings can be found in coastal regions with the settlement island form Hallig , where a proximity to English hill (indg. * Kel ' ragen ') appears possible, or the place Halle , Belgium (1152 Hallensis , perhaps to halha ' bay '), in both cases but also to the above meaning in the sense of 'salinisation', for example in the transferred meaning 'salt lowlands, maritime marshland '.

All in all, it seems to be a terminus technicus of early medieval mining and a possible root * hallan ' salt crust ' - evaporites of salt, be they natural or technical origin.

There are also some Hall names that have been proven to have no connection with salt production. For example, the following etymologies come into question:

  • Hallwang , State of Salzburg (documented in the 10th century as locus haldinwanc hillside meadow with -wang 'corridor')
  • Hallwil , Aargau (after erratic boulders, see Gothic hallus 'rock', arrangement hallr 'stone')
  • Halle (Zoersel), (too well right Netherlands hall , construction ')
  • Halligdorf , Lower Saxony (too holy )

The word is rare as a water body name , it can be found for example in the North Rhine-Westphalian Halle , or Haller Bach near Bad Hall, Hallbach near Hall near Admont, the latter both securely derived from salt names.

Examples

Sorting settlement name - House name - field name - Name of water body
Selection according to Stifter (2005), otherwise individually documented

f1Georeferencing Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

In the context of salt production

Germany

Austria

Lower Austria
Hallerhof near Behamberg
Halbach , brook near St. Veit an der Gölsen , to Salzerbad
Upper Austria
Bad Hall , formerly Herzogenhall , salt city, today brine bath
Hallstatt , salt city
Hallschlag near Oberkappel (with clearing name -schlag )
Hinterhalleswies near St. Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut
Ear reverberation at Schardenberg
Vorderhalleswies near St. Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut
Hall , Hof bei Ternberg
Hallach , court near Grünburg
Haller (mill) near Bad Schönau
Hallerschacher , farm near Waldneukirchen
Michelhall near Altaussee (hist.)
Hallberg , the Hallstatt salt mountain near Hallstatt (salt mining)
Halleiten , field name at Weyer
Hallereck , field name at Weyer
Hallerleiten , field name at Weyer
Hallmoos near Hallstatt
Michelhallbach near Altaussee (hist.)
Salzburg
Hallein , city of salt
Hallergut near Schleedorf
Hallmoos , place and corridor near St. Johann im Pongau
Hall sides , place and corridor near Abtenau
Halleiten near Hallein
Styria
Hall near Admont , districts Oberhall , Unterhall
Hallersdorf near St. Johann-Köppling
Halltal , also corridor near Mariazell
Hallerhaus am Wechsel , mountain hut (Gem. Pinggau )
Hallinger , court near Ranten
Hallegg , corridor near Alpl (Neuberg an der Mürz)
Hallbach , Bach near Hall near Admont
Tyrol
Hall in Tirol , city of salt
Halltal , Halltaler settlement , also hallway near Absam / Hall in Tirol
Hallerangeralm near Absam
Hallingerhöhe near Vals

Switzerland

  • Schweizerhalle BS (only in the 19th century, after the former company name of the Rheinsalinen)

From field names to slope (no salt)

Germany
Hallwangen near Dornstetten , Württemberg (with -wangen ‚Flur ': silver, copper, heavy spar mine )
Austria
Hallbach , on the Fuschlsee near Hof near Salzburg , State of Salzburg
Hallegg near Klagenfurt am Wörthersee , Carinthia
Hallwang near Eberstalzell , Upper Austria (with -wang 'Flur')
Hallwang near Salzburg (with -wang 'corridor')
Hallenstein near Gries am Brenner , Tyrol
Hallerndorf near Reith near Kitzbühel , Tyrol
Hallwang , farmhouse near Großendorf , Gem.Ried im Traunkreis , Upper Austria (with -wang 'corridor')

Unsecured

Hahlen  (various, Niederhalen ), Halbach (various), Halen  (various), Halingen , Hall  (various), Halla , Hallabruck , Hallaich , Hallalit , Hallau (Unterhallau, Oberhallau ) , Hallbach  (various), Hallberg  ( div.), Hallbruch , Halle  (various), Hallenberg , Hallendorf  (various), Hallenhausen , Hallensen , Hallenstein  (various), Haller  (various), Hallerbach  (various), Hallerburg , Hallerndorf , Hallersberg  (various. ), Hallermühle , Hallerschneid , Hallershof , Hallerstein , Hallerstraße , Hallgarten  (various), Hallnberg , Halloh , Hallschlag  (various), Hallstadt , Hallstedt , Hallungen , Hallweg  (various), Halverde , Hehlen , Helle  (various), Holledau

See also

literature

(Sorting chronologically)

  • Ernst Schwarz: Salt mining in place naming. In: Journal for Place Name Research. 1, 1925, pp. 187-191.
  • Kurt Thomsen: About the etymology of place names on -hall. In: Zeitschrift für Ortsnameforschung 3, 1927/8, pp. 38–40;
    ibid. J. Schnetz: addition of the editor. zu Thomsen, p. 40; ders .: Again on the place names on -hall (cf. ZONF III, 38ff.). P. 175.
  • Remigius Vollmann: On the Hall question. In: Journal for Place Name Research. 4, 1928, pp. 135-141; ibid. J. Schnetz: addition of the editor. zu Vollmann, pp. 141-142.
  • JF Lohmann: Lat. salinus (salinae, salinum) and the Celtic name of the salt. In: Journal for Comparative Linguistic Research. 59, 1932, pp. 143-144.
  • Walter Steinhauser: What was the "Hall"? In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg. 92, 1952, pp. 147-151 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Jürgen Udolph: Eurasian Early Period: Place Names as a Source of History . on: www.eurasischesmagazin.de, Eurasisches Magazin , EM 03-04 from March 26, 2004.
  • David Stifter: Hallstatt - In the Iron Age tradition? In: Raimund Karl, Jutta Leskovar (Hrsg.): Interpretierte Eisenzeit. Case studies, methods, theory . Conference contributions from the 1st Linz Discussions on Interpretative Iron Age Archeology. Studies on the cultural history of Upper Austria. Episode 18. Linz 2005, p. 229–240 ( landesmuseum.at [PDF]).
  • Johannes Lang : History of Bad Reichenhall . Neustadt ad Aisch 2009, p. 88 f.
  • Jürgen Udolph : The place names Hall, Halle, Hallein, Hallstatt and the salt. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2014, ISBN 978-3-89534-866-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Certainly around Hallein / Bad Reichenhall, but probably not in Hallstatt (interrupted), in Hall in Tirol and Hall near Admont no pre-medieval dismantling is assured. Lit. Donor: Hallstatt . 2005, 2.5., P. 234 , col. 2 f . (pdf p. 4).
  2. ↑ Lit. Donor: Hallstatt . 2005, 2nd Celtic hall? especially 2.2. and 2.3., p. 234 , col. 1 (pdf p. 4).
  3. ↑ These are verifiable from the southeast to the edge of the Alps near Salzburg.
  4. ↑ a b c Founder: Hallstatt . 2005, 3rd Germanisch hall , p. 236 f . (pdf p. 8).
  5. ↑ cf. Lit. Udolph: The place names Hall, Halle, Hallein, Hallstatt and the salt. 2014.
  6. ↑ a b Donor: Hallstatt . 2005, 2.2, p. 233 , col. 2 (pdf p. 5).
  7. ↑ Notitia Arnonis 6:26 ; quoted from I. Reiffenstein: Hallein - salina nostra. On the semantics of the diminutive. In: A. Greule, E. Meineke, Ch. Thim-Mabrey (ed.): Emergence of the German. Festschrift for Heinrich Tiefenbach. Winter, Heidelberg 2004, p. 368 (Articles 367–381)
  8. ↑ UB OÖ 2 No. 2; quoted from I. Hausner (arrangement): Old German name book. The tradition of place names in Austria and South Tyrol from the beginnings to 1200. Austrian Academy of Sciences, Commission for Dialect Research, Vienna, 1989 ff., P. 486.
  9. ↑ UB Salzbg 1, 80; quoted from Hausner, Old German Name Book. P. 487.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Pfeiffer: Etymological Dictionary of German dtv Munich 1985, p. 552.
  11. ↑ Maurits Gysseling: Hall: Br . In: Toponymisch Woordenboek . 1960, p. 439 (Dutch, Reader , Universiteit Antwerpen, wulfila.be).
  12. ↑ a b Donor: Hallstatt . 2005, 1.2., P. 231 , col. 1 (pdf p. 3).
  13. ↑ Donor: Hallstatt . 2005, footnote 5, p. 238 (pdf p. 10).
  14. ↑ Donor: Hallstatt . 2005, 1.2.4. In the Benelux countries ... , p. 232 , col. 2 (pdf p. 4).
  15. ↑ Lit. Donor: Hallstatt . 2005, 1. Problem definition and collection of material , especially 1.2.1. ff., p. 231 , col. 2 ff . (pdf p. 3).
  16. ^ Hallwangen mine
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h J. Udolph: Hallstatt. I. Philological. § 2. Hall- in ON. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Volume thirteenth: Birds of Prey - Hardeknut. Berlin / New York 1999, pp. 433-442; and Lit. Udolf 2004
    see Lit. Stifter: Hallstatt . 2005, footnote 6, p. 238 (pdf p. 10).