Hearing loss
In audiology, hearing loss refers to a decrease in hearing ability in a diseased hearing organ compared to a healthy one. The degree of hearing loss can be determined using various methods of audiometry .
causes
Hearing loss can have various causes:
- Strong or long-term sound effects on the ear (see pop trauma , presbycusis )
- Poisoning z. B. by acetylsalicylic acid
- Infectious diseases , etc. a. also of the mother during pregnancy
- Injuries to the ear
- genetic inheritance
- in the context of numerous syndromes
Albers-Schönberg disease , Alport syndrome , Alström syndrome , Bart-Pumphrey syndrome , biotinidase deficiency , Björnstad syndrome , Boenninghaus syndrome , Branchio-oto-renal syndrome , Bristowe syndrome , Cockayne syndrome , Cogan I syndrome , Diallinas-Amalric syndrome , DIDMOAD syndrome , DOOR syndrome , Eldridge-Berlin-McKusick-Money syndrome , keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome , Escobar syndrome , Flynn-Aird syndrome , frontometaphyseal dysplasia , Herrmann-Aguilar-Sacks- Syndrome , Hutchinson triad , IVIC syndrome , Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome , Jeune-Tommasi-Freycon-Nivelon syndrome , Juberg-Marsidi syndrome , Keratoderma hereditarium mutilans , Keutel syndrome , Kniest dysplasia , Konigsmark-Hollander -Berlin syndrome , craniometaphyseal dysplasia , Lermoyez syndrome , hereditary lymphedema type 2 (Meige), Marshall syndrome , Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome , Menière's disease , Muckle-Wells syndrome , mucopolysaccharidosis type II, Norrie syndrome , Nyssen-van -Bogaert syndrome , osteogenesis imperfecta , Otodentales Syndrome , Oto-spondylo-megaepiphysäre dysplasia , Pachyonychia Congenita , Pendred syndrome , Perrault syndrome , DDOD syndrome , Rogers syndrome (Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome), Rosenberg Chutorian syndrome , Saldino-Mainzer syndrome , Van Buchem Syndrome , Stickler Syndrome , Townes-Brocks Syndrome and Usher Syndrome
anatomy
The cause of a hearing loss can lie in different places:
- On the outer ear (e.g. due to foreign bodies)
- In the middle ear (e.g. due to otosclerosis )
- In the inner ear
- On the auditory nerve (e.g. due to acoustic neuroma ) or in the brain
Side effects
Hearing loss is often accompanied by other symptoms:
- Tinnitus
- Sensitivity to noise ( recruitment )
- dizziness
The hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. However, this depends very much on the cause and cannot always be predicted. The treatment options also depend heavily on the cause.
Quantitative determination
The most precise method for determining a hearing loss is the hearing measurement with the preparation of a tone audiogram . For each ear, the sound pressure level of the hearing threshold in dB HL (hearing level) is calculated on the different sound frequencies . H. in relation to the normal hearing threshold of average normal hearing people, determined and recorded. This method is mainly used in hearing aid acoustics to select and adjust hearing aids .
For the classification according to the severely handicapped law of the social legislation, a " degree of disability " is determined by the medical officer , whereby other existing physical disabilities can be included. This assignment cannot therefore be clearly matched with a defined threshold of the hearing loss determined in an audiogram.
For its part, the World Health Organization has established a classification based purely on the size ranges of the physical measured values of the hearing thresholds in 5 levels with "none", "slight", "medium", "severe" and "very severe" hearing losses that are similar and with partly varying measurement values can also be recorded by other organizations and affected associations.
A more coarse and everyday classification is made by designating minor to moderate hearing losses as deafness and severe to complete hearing losses as deafness or deafness .
Web links
- VdK: degree of disability
Individual evidence
- ↑ : B. Leiber: The clinical syndromes. Syndromes, sequences and symptom complexes. Edited by G. Burg, J. Kunze, D. Pongratz, PG Scheurlen, A. Schinzel, J. Spranger, 7th edition. Urban & Schwarzenberg 1990, ISBN 3-541-01727-9
- ↑ WHO degree of hearing loss (PDF; 8 kB)
- ↑ "ENT doctors online"
- ↑ "schwerhoerigkeit.info" (Switzerland)
- ↑ Information sheet of the Federal Youth in the DSB eV ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
