HMS Bellona (1760)
| Bellona class | |
|---|---|
 Ships of the line in the naval battle of Copenhagen |
|
| Overview | |
| Type | Two Decker - Battleship (Third rate) |
| units | 5 built, 0 in service |
| Namesake | The goddess of war Bellona |
| 1. Period of service |
|
| period of service |
Royal Navy: 1760-1813 |
| Technical specifications | |
| 53 years of service | |
| displacement |
1617 ts |
| length |
168 ft (51.20 m) |
| width |
46 ft 11 in (14.30 m) |
| Draft |
19ft 9in ft (6.02 m) |
| crew |
550 |
| drive |
sail |
| speed |
approx. 12–13 kn |
| Range |
unlimited |
| Armament |
|
The Bellona - 1790 HMS Bellona - was one of five ships of the Bellona-class and a two-decker - battleship of the Royal Navy . The design of the class was in the hands of the Surveyors (such as the fleet supervisor) and Master Shipwright Sir Thomas Slade . The class carried 74 cannons in two battery decks, twenty-eight each on the two continuous cannon decks, plus fourteen additional each on the quarterdeck and four on the cabin deck . This armament enabled a broadside weight (the weight of the full bullets shot on one broadside) of 781 pounds , from 1812 through the conversion to larger 12-pounder cannons and 32-pounder carronades instead of 9-pounder cannons on the aft deck and hut deck from a total of 908 pounds. The Bellona was in service for an exceptionally long time for a wooden warship with a service life of 53 years.
chronology
- Builder : Chatham State Shipyard
- Appointed: December 28, 1757
- Keel laying: May 10, 1758
- Launched: February 19, 1760
- Completed: April 6, 1760
- Total cost including equipment: £ 43,391, 11 shillings, 4 pence
- The Bellona was launched in February 1760 under the command of Capt. Peter Denis first commissioned and assigned to Hawke's fleet. In 1761 the ship is under the command of Capt. Robert Faulknor, who took over Kent in 1762 . On August 14, 1761, the Bellona crew captured the French "Le Courageux" (74 cannons) in a single battle near Vigo, while her escort ship Brillant (36 cannons) was engaged in battle with two frigates . In May 1762 she was part of the squadron of Commodore Capt. Peter Davis under the command of Capt. Charles Ellys on duty in the "Basque Roads". In February 1763 the team had withdrawn.
- From June 1763 to 1771 the Bellona was used as a guard ship in Portsmouth and was under Capt. John Elliot put back into service, but not equipped as a guard ship until April 1764. In 1765, the Bellona Capt. (?) Lord William Campbell, 1767, Capt. Michael Everitt, 1770 Capt. John Montagu, from November 1770, Capt. Edward Vernon. The Bellona was still a guard ship until the crew dismissed in May 1771.
- Between October 1778 and April 1780, the Bellona underwent major repairs in Portsmouth, her underwater hull was clad with copper plates and she was refitted. Total cost: £ 30,873, 2 shillings, 3 pence.
- In February 1780 he was returned to service under Capt. Richard Onslow and a new assignment in Geary's fleet. The Bellona took on December 30, 1780 with the support of the Marlborough (74 cannons) in the English Channel the Dutch 54-cannon ship "Prinses Carolina", which was then incorporated into the fleet as "Princess Caroline" (44 cannons) in 5th rank was, as a pinch. Bellona set out for Gibraltar on March 13, 1781 together with Darby's fleet, where she arrived on April 12, 1781. In April 1781 she belonged to Garrington's squadron, shortly afterwards in May 1781 to Kempenfelt's squadron. In the summer of 1782 she was part of Howe's fleet until she returned to Gibraltar in September / October 1782. From there she left for West India, where she arrived with Hughess Squadron on December 8, 1783 and stayed until her return to England. She arrived in England in June 1784 (?) And the crew dismantled.
- Between October 1785 and 1786 the Bellona had to undergo minor repairs in Portsmouth for £ 15,982, 4 shillings, 3 pence. It was not until October 1787 that he was returned to service under Capt. George Bowyer until the team signed off again in December 1787.
- More than a year later, in February 1789, he was returned to service under Capt. Francis Hartwell and again a mission as a guard ship in Portsmouth. It was equipped for this purpose in July 1789. After more than two years, in September 1791, the team was able to sign off again.
- From December 1791 to September 1793, necessary repairs and equipment work for the high seas service at Chatham followed, with a total value of £ 27,836. Already in March 1793 he was returned to service under Capt. George Wilson, who accompanied the repairs and commanded the HMS Bellona until 1799. On October 13, 1794, he set out again for West India with the Bellona. In West Indian waters, the HMS Bellona and the HMS Alarm (32 cannons) captured the French "Le Duquesne" (36 cannons) and the "Le Duras" (20 cannons) on January 5, 1795, and the privateer schooner on May 11, 1795 "La Bellone". After returning to England, she left for the Leeward Islands on February 13, 1796. Later the HMS Bellona Elphinstones squadron joined at the Cape of Good Hope and forced a Dutch squadron there on August 17, 1796 in Saldanha Bay to give up. On January 7, 1797, they took the 6 cannon privateer La Légère in front of Descada as a prize and destroyed another privateer three days later on January 10, 1797. In February 1797, the HMS Bellona took part in the capture of Trinidad. In 1798 she was reassigned to the canal fleet. From February 1799 Sir Thomas Thompson took command and set out for the Mediterranean on May 6, 1799. As part of Markham's squadron, HMS Bellona captured the French ships "La Junon" (40 cannons), "L'Alceste" (36 cannons), "La Courageuse" (32 cannons), "La Salamine" ( 18 cannons) and "L'Alerte" (14 cannons). In 1801, HMS Bellona took part in the expedition against Copenhagen and took part in the naval battle of Copenhagen on April 2 , killing eleven men and 72 - including Capt. Thompson - were wounded. The wounding of Capt. Thomson was so heavy that Cmdr. George M'Kinley had to take command until he was removed from Capt. Thomas Bertie was replaced. Under this commander, there was a deployment in Irish waters in July 1801, then a blockade service off Cadiz, after which another deployment in West Indian waters until the crew withdrew in July 1802.
- From April to August 1805 the HMS Bellona was refitted in Portsmouth for 27,613 pounds and from July 1805 under Capt. Chales Father put into service. A mission in Strachan's squadron should follow, but the HMS Bellona had to leave the squadron again before November 3, 1805 to join the squadron in February 1806 under the new command of Capt. John Erskine Douglas, who commanded HMS Bellona until 1811, to rejoin. Within Strachan's squadron, participation in the pursuit of Leissègues and Willaumez followed. On September 14, 1806, the HMS Bellona took part in the destruction of the French liner "L'Impétueux" (74 cannons) off Cape Henry. In 1807 an interim command from Capt. John Bastard on Halifax Station, another interim command from Capt. Stair Douglas and participation in the operation in the "Basque Roads" and in the "Sheldt Operation". Over the winter months from December 1809 to March 1810, the HMS Bellona was refitted in Portsmouth for 14,933 pounds. Still under the command of Capt. J. E. Douglas, the HMS Bellona captured the privateer "Le Heros Du Nord" (14 cannons) in the North Sea on December 18, 1810.
- The HMS Bellona was under the command of Capt. George M'Kinley until retired and hung up at Chatham in 1813.
- In September 1814, after 54 years of service in the Royal Navy, the Bellona was scrapped in Chatham .
literature
- Rif Winfield: British Warships in the Age of Sail, 1714-1792. Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley 2007, ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6 .