HaMaʿarach

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Hebrew המערך
English Alignment
German  The connection
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founding 1965/1969
resolution 1991

HaMaʿarach ( Hebrew המערךGerman: The connection ; English Alignment ) was a parliamentary group in the Israeli parliament ( Knesset ), which existed from 1965 to 1968 and again from 1969 to 1991. You belonged to MPs from several left and Zionist parties. The main component was the Avoda Labor Party . In addition, HaMaʿarach also appeared as a list association for the parliamentary elections during the periods mentioned . In the elections from 1965 to 1973 and 1984, it was the strongest force. Their top representatives were Levi Eschkol , Golda Meir , Jitzchak Rabin and Shimon Peres .

history

The first, “small”, connection was established in the run-up to the 1965 Knesset election as an alliance of the two left-wing Zionist parties Mapai and Achdut HaAwoda , initially under the name HaMaʿarach LeAchdut Poalei Eretz Yisrael (“Connection for the Unity of the Workers of the Land of Israel”). The leading candidate was the incumbent Prime Minister Levi Eschkol (Mapai). HaMaʿarach won the election and received 45 of the 120 seats in the Knesset. In 1968 the two components Mapai and Achdut haAwoda as well as David Ben-Gurion's short-lived Rafi party merged to form a common party: Awoda . HaMaʿarach as a party alliance and factional community was initially obsolete, instead there was an Avoda faction.

Golda Meir (1969)

In 1969, however, a second, "large" connection was formed, this time between the newly united Labor Party and the more left-wing, but now moderate, Mapam . Before the end of the legislative period, another HaMaʿarach faction was formed in the Knesset, which, thanks to the addition of eight Mapam members, had 63 seats - the only time in the history of the Knesset that a faction had an absolute majority. After Eschkol's death, Golda Meir took over the leadership of both the Labor Party and the Alliance, as well as the office of Prime Minister. Under her leadership, HaMaʿarach won the election in October 1969 with 46.2 percent of the vote and 56 seats - the best result in the history of the alliance. In the next election in 1973 , the connection suffered significant losses, but remained the strongest force.

That changed in 1977 when HaMaʿarach fell to 24.6% and 32 seats and for the first time had to go into opposition to a government of the right-wing Likud. The 1981 election , with Shimon Peres as the top candidate, brought the alliance significant gains. It then had only one seat less than Likud, but remained in the opposition. Shulamit Aloni , the only member of the left-liberal Ratz party , temporarily joined the HaMaʿarach parliamentary group, but left it again before the end of the legislative period. Two Likud MPs (including Jitzchak Peretz ) defected to Maʿarach in 1982, which made it the strongest group again until the parliament was dissolved in 1984.

Shimon Peres (1986)

For the 1984 election , the small extra-parliamentary party Libralim Atzma'im ("Independent Liberals") joined as a further part of the association. Once again led by Peres, she was again the strongest force in this election. Since neither the left nor the right camp had a majority, HaMaʿarach and Likud agreed on a grand coalition, with Shimon Peres and Yitzchak Shamir each running the government for half a legislative period. However, the Mapam rejected this agreement and left the connection after 15 years. Its six MPs formed their own parliamentary group. The three members of the center-oriented Jachad party led by Ezer Weizmann , however, joined the Maʿarach faction. Weizmanns Jachad merged with Awoda in 1986. The Independent Liberals left the fraternity in 1987. Subsequently, HaMaʿarach was no longer an alliance of different parties, but only an expanded labor party.

In the 1988 election , HaMaʿarach fell back to 30% and 39 seats. They again formed a grand coalition with the Likud under Shamir. In 1990 Shimon Peres tried to lead a coalition of left and ultra-Orthodox parties to take over the government and send the Likud into the opposition. The religious abandoned the deal and instead formed a government with Shamir's Likud, while HaMaʿarach had to leave the government. Since the parliamentary group ultimately consisted only of members of the Labor Party, it renamed itself the Avoda parliamentary group in 1991, which ended the story of HaMaʿarach.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b HaMaʿarach (Alignment) on the Knesset website
  2. ^ A b Michael Wolffsohn , Douglas Bokovoy: Israel. History - Politics - Society - Economy. 5th edition, Leske + Budrich, Opladen 1996, p. 77.
  3. ^ Gregory S. Mahler: Politics and Government in Israel. The Maturation of a Modern State. 2nd edition, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham (MD) et al. a. 2011, p. 151.
  4. ^ Samuel Sager: The Parliamentary System of Israel. Syracus University Press, Syracuse (NY) 1985, p. 139.
  5. ↑ Michael Wolffsohn, Douglas Bokovoy: Israel. History - Politics - Society - Economy. 5th edition, Leske + Budrich, Opladen 1996, p. 145.