Craft surgeon
Craft surgeon is the collective term for historical occupational groups ( bathers , barbers , clippers, field shearers , surgeons , obstetricians, etc.) who practiced surgery as a craft in Europe in the period from the 12th to 19th centuries , in contrast to the academically trained Doctors.
This demarcation of practical or operational from theoretical or internal medicine , which has been taking place since the High Middle Ages especially north of the Alps, goes back to a resolution of the Council of Tours (1162/63), according to which doctors from the spiritual class - the Most of the doctors in Europe belonged to the clergy at that time - the practice of surgery was prohibited. Craft surgeons completed an apprenticeship (with journeyman time and often also a master's examination) and in the cities they formed guilds . Often the intellectual superiority of the academically trained doctors who deal primarily with internal medicine was recognized, but at the same time every attack by this group on their own field of work was successfully averted.
From the 14th to the 18th century, the sometimes high reputation of the craft surgeons was impaired by wandering quacks and faith healers , who often carried out their activities at fairs.
literature
- Johannes Oehme: Training and importance of the craft surgeons with special consideration of the training at the anatomical-surgical institute in Braunschweig. In: Würzburg medical history reports. 10, 1992, pp. 293-301.
- Sabine Sander: craft surgeons. Social history of a displaced occupational group (= critical studies on historical science . Volume 83). Goettingen 1989.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Sabine Sander: craft surgeons. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 531.