Hantavirus vaccine

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A hantavirus vaccine is a vaccine against infection with hantaviruses .

properties

One problem with the development of hantavirus vaccines is the lack of an animal model with similar symptoms for one of the two diseases caused by hantaviruses in humans, haemorrhagic hantavirus fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), while golden hamsters are used for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) . HFRS is mainly caused by the Hantaan virus (HTNV) and the Seoul virus (SEOV) in Asia and by the Puumala virus (PUUV) and the Belgrade Dobrava virus (DOBV) in Europe . HPS is caused by the Andes virus in South America and the Sin Nombre virus in North America . The antiviral agent ribavirin is approved for hantavirus infections, but its limited effectiveness is being discussed. When infected with the Hantaan virus, the antigens N127-141, N139-153, N241-255 and N355-369 are immunodominant in the T cell response in humans.

In China, inactivated vaccines were approved from 1993 , which were used extensively in endemic areas from 1995, with around 2 million vaccine doses per year. In China, four out of five approved vaccines have been used extensively. All five vaccines approved in China consisted of the vaccine strains Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV), or a mixture of both and produced a vaccination protection of 85 to 95%. Animal studies suggest that the vaccines against these Asian strains are not effective against the Puumala virus, the most common HFRS in Europe. In Korea, a vaccine with limited protection is approved.

Experimental hantavirus vaccines include viral vectors based on the vaccinia virus and two DNA vaccines with the M gene or the N -terminal region of the glycoprotein of HTNV and the Puumala virus.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ D. Safronetz, H. Ebihara, H. Feldmann, JW Hooper: The Syrian hamster model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. In: Antiviral research. Volume 95, number 3, September 2012, pp. 282-292, doi : 10.1016 / j.antiviral.2012.06.002 , PMID 22705798 , PMC 3425723 (free full text).
  2. ↑ a b c d e C. S. Schmaljohn: Vaccines for hantaviruses: progress and issues. In: Expert review of vaccines. Volume 11, number 5, May 2012, pp. 511-513, doi : 10.1586 / erv.12.15 , PMID 22827236 .
  3. ^ R. Szabó: Antiviral therapy and prevention against hantavirus infections. In: Acta virologica. Volume 61, number 1, 2017, pp. 3–12, doi : 10.4149 / av_2017_01_3 , PMID 28105849 .
  4. ↑ M. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Kang, Q. Zhao, X. Wang, L. Hui: Kinetics and Immunodominance of Virus-Specific T Cell Responses During Hantaan Virus Infection. In: Viral immunology. Volume 28, Number 5, June 2015, pp. 265-271, doi : 10.1089 / vim.2014.0135 , PMID 25945718 .
  5. ↑ a b c Y. Z. Zhang, Y. Zou, ZF Fu, A. Plyusnin: Hantavirus infections in humans and animals, China. In: Emerging infectious diseases. Volume 16, number 8, August 2010, pp. 1195-1203, doi : 10.3201 / eid1608.090470 , PMID 20678311 , PMC 3298307 (free full text).
  6. ↑ J. Jung, SJ Ko, HS Oh, SM Moon, JW Song, K. Huh: Protective effectiveness of inactivated hantavirus vaccine against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. [Electronic publication before going to press] January 2018, doi : 10.1093 / infdis / jiy037 , PMID 29373686 .
  7. ↑ JW Hooper, M. Josleyn, J. Ballantyne, R. Brocato: A novel Sin Nombre virus DNA vaccine and its inclusion in a candidate pan-hantavirus vaccine against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). In: Vaccine . Volume 31, number 40, September 2013, pp. 4314-4321, doi : 10.1016 / j.vaccine.2013.07.025 , PMID 23892100 , PMC 4010434 (free full text).
  8. ↑ DB Jiang, YJ Sun, LF Cheng, GF Zhang, C. Dong, BQ Jin, CJ Song, Y. Ma, FL Zhang, K. Yang: Construction and evaluation of DNA vaccine encoding Hantavirus glycoprotein N-terminal fused with lysosome- associated membrane protein. In: Vaccine . Volume 33, Number 29, June 2015, pp. 3367-3376, doi : 10.1016 / j.vaccine.2015.05.007 , PMID 26027907 .