Hariasa

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Hariasa (inscribed Dea Hariasa ) is the name of a Germanic goddess , which is only documented by the inscription of a consecration stone from Cologne , which is dated to the year 187 AD. The Hariasa is named after a goddess of war.

inscription

"Deae Hariasae / HDTI Ulpius / Acutus du [p (licarius)] al (ae) / Sulp (iciae) sing (ularis) co (n) s (ularis) / cives Traianenses / v (otum) s (olvit) l ( ibens) m (erito) Crispino et / Aeliano co (n) s (ulibus) "

"For the goddess Hariasa - - - Ulpius Actus, duplicarius of Ala Sulpicia and guard rider of the governor, citizen of Xanten, in 187 (when Crispinus and Aelianus were consuls), fulfilled his vows voluntarily and after merit."

During the foundation work for the new Ursuline monastery to be built in 1674, at the level of Machabäerstrasse, north of the cathedral area in Cologne's old town, the Hariasa altar and four other votive stones were found. However, the stone was lost again. Therefore, the shape and design of the stone and its dimensions are unknown, only a contemporary copy of the inscription has survived. By naming the consuls Crispinus and Aelianus , the inscription can safely be dated to the year 187 AD. The inscription as such can be read clearly, only the abbreviation “HDTI” has not yet been interpreted. Hartmut Galsterer suspects a possibly unique formula - if an existing prescription is excluded for possible different and interpretable connections. Due to the find situation, that the votive stone of the Hariasa was not linked to the matron stones found on site, Galsterer suspects that it was therefore possibly later carried away or blocked.

Etymology and Interpretation

The name is to be Germanic * harjan = devastate , the underlying word stem Germanic * harja with the meaning army, fight . Siegfried Gutenbrunner reconstructs a Germanic form * Hari-ansus as an army goddess , goddess of war , he compares the formal identical form of the name of the goddess Vihansa . With the form of the traditional name Hariasae , it is discussed whether a nasal n was left out before s (positive finding in the theonym Vihansa) as in Gutenbrunner, or with Robert Nedoma a simple formation with s- suffix to Harja-s is given.

Rudolf Simek compares the form Hariasa with the name of the Nordic Valkyrie Herja . Hariasa would therefore have the meaning of the devastating goddess . The goddess is in the context of other Germanic war goddesses of the Lower Rhine province of Germania inferior . Galsterer suspects the origin of the founder Ulpius Acutus from Xanten to be the core area of ​​a Hariasa cult.

Comparable inscriptions with the element * harja are, in addition to the name of Harimella, among others, the inscriptions of the helmet B from Negau and that of the comb from the moor find of Vimose or the personal name Hariulfus, some of which are among the oldest evidence of this underlying tribe in Germanic names belong to. The element * Harja is a common prominent link in Germanic name formation.

See also

literature

  • Brigitte Galsterer, Hartmut Galsterer: The Roman stone inscriptions from Cologne (I Cologne 2 ). (= Kölner Forschungen Vol. 10), with the participation of Stefan Breuer, Bettina Goffin, Michael Herchenbach, Stefan Meusel, Sabine Schmall and Stefan Schrumpf. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2010, ISBN 978-3-8053-4229-2 , p. 67 (No. 46).
  • Theodor von Grienberger: Germanic god names on Rhenish inscriptions. In: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature 36, 1892, pp. 308-310.
  • Siegfried Gutenbrunner: Germanic god names of the ancient inscriptions . Niemeyer, Halle / S. 1936.
  • Hermann Reichert:  Mythical Names. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 20, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-017164-3 , pp. 461-472.
  • Rudolf Simek : Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X .
  • Jan de Vries: Old Germanic history of religion. Vol. 2, 3rd edition. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1970, ISBN 3-11-002807-7 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ CIL 13, 8185
  2. ^ Hartmut and Birgit Galsterer: The Roman stone inscriptions from Cologne 1975, p. 67 No. 46.
  3. ↑ Hartmut and Birgit Galsterer: The Roman stone inscriptions from Cologne 1975, No. 25, 51, 151, 193. CIL 13, 8176 , CIL 13, 8188 , CIL 13, 8223 , CIL 13, 8244
  4. ↑ Hartmut Galsterer, Birgit Galsterer: The Roman stone inscriptions from Cologne. Cologne 1975, p. 67.
  5. ^ Siegfried Gutenbrunner: The Germanic god names of the ancient inscriptions, p. 101 f.
  6. ↑ Robert Nedoma: The inscription on the helmet B of Negau . Fassbaender, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-900538-51-4 , p. 51.
  7. ^ Rudolf Simek: Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X , pp. 170, 185.
  8. ↑ Hartmut Galsterer, Birgit Galsterer: The Roman stone inscriptions from Cologne. Cologne 1975, p. 67.
  9. ↑ CIL 13, 3682
  10. ↑ Robert Nedoma: The inscription on the helmet B of Negau . Fassbaender, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-900538-51-4 , p. 51. in: Personal names in South Germanic runic inscriptions. Studies on old Germanic onomatology I, 1.1 . Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-8253-1646-7 , p. 330f.