al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī

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Al-Hasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib ( Arabic الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب, DMG al-Ḥasan ibnʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ; * March 1, 625 ; † 670 ) was the older son of ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib and Fatima bint Muhammad and is venerated by the Shiites as the second imam . As the grandson of the Prophet Mohammed , he is also considered a member of the Ahl al-bait .

Life

Hasan was on the 15th day of the month of Ramadan, three years after the Hijrah born of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina. On the seventh day after his birth, his mother brought him to the Prophet Muhammad, who named him Hasan and sacrificed a ram for him in the aqiqah ceremony. According to tradition, Hasan was the one who most resembled Prophet Muhammad in figure. Hasan was among others at the Mubāhala at the time of the Prophet Muhammad .

When ʿAlī was murdered in January 661 by the Kharijite Ibn Muldscham, his followers elected Hasan, who was head of the Aliden family at the time , as caliph . Hasan had his father's murderer killed. When the troops of Muʿāwiyas approached from Syria some time later , he made his rejection of a peace agreement with him clear in a speech. As a result, riots broke out within his camp, some of his supporters assaulted him physically, others ran over to the camp of Muʿāwiyas. After negotiations in Maskin near Kufa , Hasan abdicated at the end of July 661 and swore allegiance to Muʿāwiya . The resignation of the office, which Muʿāwiya had made it easier for him by large sums of money, the transfer of the tribute income to a Persian province and the recognition of his right to the succession, was heavily criticized by some of his followers (in particular Hudr ibn ʿAdī). Hasan left Iraq with his younger brother Husain and settled in Medina. He lived there until his death. He was buried in the Baqīʿ al-Gharqad cemetery.

His descendants, the Hasanids , formed a religious hereditary nobility within Islamic societies as sherifers from the 10th century .

Later assessment

Hasan's peace agreement ( Sulh ) with Muʿāwiya, which conspicuously contrasted with the fighting efforts of his brother Husain, who died in the battle of Karbala in 680 , has repeatedly given rise to discussions in later times. According to Sunni historiography, Hasan agreed to this comparison in order to facilitate a reconciliation of the Muslims. Shiite declarations emphasized the fact that Hasan's situation was hopeless because betrayal and fickleness had spread in his camp, while conversely the ranks of the enemy were closed. Around the middle of the 20th century, some Shiite scholars wanted to harmonize the arguments used to justify the two brothers' differing attitudes towards the Umayyads . The first of these harmonization attempts was made in the 1940s by nAbd al-Husain Sharaf ad-Dīn (1873-1958) in his essay "The Hussain Revolt was an echo of Hasan's peace agreement" (Ṯaurat al-Ḥusain ṣadan li-ṣulḥ al-Ḥasan) . In it he submitted the view that Hasan's comparison with Muʿāwiya had been a victim of such proportions that it should not be less than the martyrdom of Husain.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Laura Veccia Vaglieri: Art. "Ibn Mul dj am" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. III, pp. 887a-890a. Here 889b
  2. ↑ See Leone Caetani : Chronographia Islamica . Vol. II. Paris 1912. pp. 461f.
  3. ↑ See Veccia Vaglieri EI² III 241b-242a.
  4. ↑ See end of 153.
  5. ↑ See end 155-157.


personal data
SURNAME Hasan ibn ʿAlī, al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES al-Hasan ibn 'Alī ibn Abī Tālib ibn' Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hāschim ibn 'Abd Manaf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION second Imam of the Shiites and grandson of the Prophet Mohammed
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 625
DATE OF DEATH 670