Main vowel

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Cardinal vowels-Jones x-ray.jpg
Cardinal vowel tongue position-front.svg
Cardinal vowel tongue position-back.svg

All vowels or cardinal vowels ( English cardinal vowels are) vowels , by the Phoneticians Daniel Jones described. They are used as a reference to characterize the vowels of any language. As idealized sounds at the edges of the vowel trapezoid , the main vowels do not appear in their pure form in real languages ​​or only appear approximately. The Cameroonian Niger-Congo language Ngwe is said to have eight vowels that are very similar to the eight primary main vowels.

There are other named vowels that are not counted among the main vowels, for example the middle central vowel [ ə ] within the vowel trapezoid.

The main vowels in the vowel trapezoid

Daniel Jones's 18 Cardinal Vowels.svg

List of main vowels

No. IPA X-SAMPA description
1 [i] [i] Unrounded closed front tongue vowel
2 [e] [e] Unrounded, semi-closed front tongue vowel
3 [ɛ] [E] Unrounded, half-open front tongue vowel
4th [a] [a] Unrounded open front tongue vowel
5 [ɑ] [A] Unrounded open back vowel
6th [ɔ] [O] Rounded half-open back vowel
7th [O] [O] Rounded, semi-closed back vowel
8th [u] [u] Rounded closed back vowel
9 [y] [y] Rounded closed front tongue vowel
10 [O] [2] Rounded semi-closed front tongue vowel
11 [œ] [9] Rounded half-open front tongue vowel
12 [ɶ] [&] Rounded open front tongue vowel
13 [ɒ] [Q] Rounded open back vowel
14th [ʌ] [V] Unrounded, half-open back vowel
15th [ɤ] [7] Unrounded, semi-closed back vowel
16 [ɯ] [M] Unrounded closed back vowel
17th [ɨ] [1] Unrounded closed central vowel
18th [ʉ] [}] Rounded closed central vowel

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ladefoged, Peter : Preliminaries to linguistic phonetics . Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971, p. 67.

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