House Paland

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
House Paland, east side (2007)
House Paland south view (2006)

The house Paland (from Pfahlland, since houses were built on stilts in this marshland) was in the Borschemich district of Erkelenz . Located behind the gardens of the Catholic parish church St. Martinus , the former moated castle consisted of an outer bailey and a main house. The trench system used to be fed by the Köhm , some of the trenches are still preserved. House Paland had to give way to the Garzweiler II opencast lignite mine at the end of 2015 . From December 1st to 4th, 2015, the property was demolished. The WDR reported in the local news about the progress of the demolition. In the course of the demolition work, archaeologists uncovered the foundation of the former manor House Paland. Here a residential tower was discovered, which was built on the 13th / 14th. Could date to the 19th century.

history

In 1296 there was a knight Gottschalk, a vassal of the Millendonk rule, in the possession of the "House of Birsmich". In 1363 the abbess of St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne leased the tithe of Borschemich to a descendant of this knight Gottschalk, the Knappen Gottschalk (son of Arnold von Birsmich) . In 1388 Tilgin von Lieventhal was by Archbishop Friedrich III. enfeoffed with Birsmich. In 1391 Heinrich Oysse von Walhusen, a nephew of Arnold von Birsmich, received the loan. More than 50 years later, in 1444, Johann von Valderode was the owner of the castle. Later it changed hands again and came into the possession of Johann Klaitz through marriage. At the beginning of the next century, in 1511, the von Harff family appeared on the knight's slip as owners of the Birsmich family for the first time. Despite the turmoil of the time, the property was enlarged and the castle fortified so that it formed a strong support for the surrounding land. One von Harff married Christoph von Palant zu Breidenbach bei Linnich in 1584 , who thereby became co-owner of the house. At that time, however, part of the estate was still owned by Johann von Blittersdorf, inherited from the Klaitz family.

The Palant family from the Rhineland gave the castle its name. The palants used to be spread out in numerous branches and are also used as lay judges and mayors in Erkelenz. The coat of arms of the Palant shows a shield, divided six times, black and yellow, in the uppermost part of the heraldic right a six-pointed star, golden and silver. The house remained in the possession of the Palant for two centuries.

It was taken twice by Spanish and Cologne troops in 1586 as part of the Eighty Years War , and the second time the outer bailey was burned down, the place of which is clearly visible on old maps. Following this conquest and destruction, the current building was probably built around 1600.

In 1783 the Palant house came to Maria Anna von Palant, who was married to E. W. von Graß zu Geyen, and the next year 1784 to his two brothers-in-law Gerhard Caspar von Olmissen and Th. A. von Houve. The Raitz von Frentz family inherited it from them . In 1837 Edmund Raitz von Frentz zu Kellenberg sold the house to the Lörkens family, who owned it for around 170 years. House Paland has since been transferred to RWE . It was demolished in early December 2015.

Vorburg and main castle

House Palandt, illustration in Codex Welser , around 1720

There are no structural remains of the rectangular outer bailey, which was burned down in 1586. However, one can clearly determine their position due to the still partially preserved trenches. As a site plan shows, the moats in the outer bailey formed a continuation of the main moats and were connected to them. In times of danger, both the main castle and the outer bailey could be completely closed off from the outside world by pulling the drawbridge. Today there is a shed on the grounds of the outer bailey. According to a view of the Palant house in the Codex Welser from 1723, which Paul Clemen described as inaccurate , the main castle had two towers, the outer bailey three. The outer bailey was too open after the main bailey and was connected to it by a drawbridge. The entrance to the outer bailey was probably on the opposite side of today's entrance.

Existing buildings before demolition

The former, rectangular main castle from around 1600, surrounded by deep moats, contained the two-storey manor house with a stepped and curved gable on the south side . To the east was a rectangular tower. This tower had a four-sided pyramid roof, the weather vane of which showed the Palant coat of arms. The windows had been completely rebuilt in the previous century. On the north side of the Binnenhof surrounded by agricultural buildings, i.e. opposite the manor house, there was a smaller, perhaps older residential building with a stepped gable to the west. The intermediate building on the west side was more recent. The rest of the buildings on the east side were simple and had been built in the 17th century. This also contained the large basket arched gate with the marriage coat of arms above the keystone. A beautiful sandstone fireplace was built into the outside of the mansion next to the gate. On it were four ancestral coats of arms with the names: Batenborg, Pallant, Leraet (Lerodt), Wylich and the inscription: Anno 1624 C. (hristoph) H. v. P. (alant) Colonel. Tandem bona causa triumphat (German: “Finally the good cause has won”). The first Paland, who acquired the Birsmich house by marrying a von Harff, was also called Christoph. This is this palant. The inscription probably referred to the happy outcome of a long-standing legal or inheritance dispute.

In front of the old tower of the church there used to be an almost worn tombstone with the double coats of arms Palant and Graß and the remainder of an inscription: zur Geyen. This plate once covered the grave of Maria Anna von Palant, who died in 1784 and was married to E. W. von Graß zu Geyen. This grave slab was also walled in on the Palant house in front of the entrance. In the small, almost square-shaped inner courtyard, the remains of a wooden gallery with a protective roof from the 18th century were preserved until the demolition.

literature

Web links

Commons : Haus Paland  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Entry by Markus Westphal about Haus Paland in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andres Speen: Paland House in Erkelenz. Manor demolished for Garzweiler opencast mine. In: Rheinische Post . Edition of December 1, 2015 ( online ).

Coordinates: 51 ° 4 '48.4 "  N , 6 ° 26' 4.6"  E