Borschemich

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Borschemich
City of Erkelenz
Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 48 ″  N , 6 ° 25 ′ 46 ″  E
Height : 77  (74-78)  m
Area : 5.18 km²
Residents : 0  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density : 0 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 41812
Area code : 02164
map
Location of Borschemich in the Rhenish lignite district

Borschemich was a rural district of the city of Erkelenz in the district of Heinsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia . The place was in the mining area of ​​the Garzweiler opencast mine and gradually gave way until 2017, as lignite mining began in the village in 2018. The resettlement of the residents began in 2007 and took place in Borschemich (new) as the new northern district of Erkelenz west of Mennekrath .

Protest sign at the entrance to the village

geography

Geographical location

Borschemich and neighboring towns on the Tranchot map around 1806

The Hochneukirch district of Jüchen is in the northeast . In the north there used to be wood , in the south-east were the towns of Otzenrath and Spenrath , which gave way to the opencast mine in 2011 and 2013. In the south Immerath and the hamlet Lützerath , the west is Keyenberg and northwest Mönchengladbach-Wanlo . All neighboring towns except Wanlo are also located in the mining area of ​​the Garzweiler opencast mine and are therefore also being devastated .

Area size

The former special community Borschemich had an area of ​​5.18 square kilometers in 1970.

Waters

The Köhm flowed in a west-east direction and flowed into the Niers . It was only a flowing body of water after heavy rains and when the snow melted. From the entrance to Borschemich from the direction of Otzenrath , the Köhm was channeled along St.-Martinus-Straße and only flowed again from Marienstiftstraße next to the rectory in the direction of Keyenberg to the later confluence with the Niers.

geology

Sands , gravel and brown coal seams from the Tertiary era lie underground .

Place names

The place was first mentioned in a document as Birsmiki in 898. In 1396 the name appeared as Bursmich , in 1618 as Borschemich .

The interpretation of the place name cannot be clearly clarified. The basic word - Bach means me and could refer to the Köhm , which was a stronger body of water in the early Middle Ages.

history

House Paland
abandoned houses in the center
Village linden on the day of felling

Around 2013, archaeologists excavated a villa rustica and four cremation graves in the run-up to the Garzweiler opencast mine from the Roman era of Germania inferior . The graves contained significant finds: remains of a chalcedony bowl , a bronze washing service and images of gods on a box covered with tortoiseshell .

In 898 King Zwentibold of Lorraine donated a royal estate in Borschemich to the Essen monastery .

Borschemich owned other religious institutions: the Kaiserswerth monastery , the St. Maria monastery in the Capitol in Cologne and the Benedictine abbey in Gladbach ( Mönchengladbach ).

A knightly family was wealthy in the place. It was first mentioned in 1239 as von Birsmich . In 1289 the knight Gottschalk von Birsmich was court lord . This sex died out around 1400. Until 1837 the manor house Borschemich was in noble hands.

In the 13./14. In the 19th century, Borschemich came to the Duchy of Jülich . First, the village and the neighboring wood formed the Borschemich dinging bank, which was subordinate to the Grevenbroich office . In 1500 the Borschemich court had its own jury's seal, on which Saint Martin was depicted as a rider with a beggar.

In 1554/55 Borschemich was incorporated into Dingstuhl Otzenrath . In 1586 the inhabitants suffered from the incursion of Spanish troops in the Truchsessian War .

In 1794 Borschemich was incorporated into the French Mairie Kuckum (Canton of Erkelenz).

In 1816 Borschemich became part of the Prussian mayor's office in Keyenberg in the district of Erkelenz .

In 1848 Borschemich became a special municipality within this mayor's office.

In 1935 the mayor's office was dissolved and the new office in Holzweiler was added.

On February 27, 1945, US soldiers from the 175th Regiment of the 29th Infantry Division took the village during Operation Grenade .

On January 1, 1972, Borschemich was incorporated into what is now the city of Erkelenz due to the Aachen Reorganization Act of December 21, 1971.

Relocation

Since 2006 Borschemich has been relocated due to the expansion of the Garzweiler opencast mine . Borschemich (new) is located in the north of the Erkelenz core city. The demolition of Borschemich began in 2012 and was completed in spring 2017. The Church of St. Martinus was profaned in November 2014 . House Paland was demolished in December 2015 . On February 27, 2016, citizens of Borschemich came together and felled the historic village linden tree so that no stranger could lay hands on the defiant landmark of the village.

School history

Borschemich had his own school until 1968. The beginnings go back to a sexton school at the beginning of the 18th century in a half-timbered house next to the church. When the first trained elementary school teacher was assigned to the village in 1828, the school presented the "image of complete neglect". In 1836 a new school hall was added to the sexton's house, which was followed by a second school hall and a teacher's apartment in 1850. The school near the church existed in this form until 1939 when a newly built school was built near the Paland house. This building was used as a school until the school closed in 1968. The primary school students attended the primary school in Keyenberg, the secondary schools are mostly attended in Erkelenz. The former school building, together with another extension built in 1972, served as a multi-purpose hall for many local club events.

religion

Saint Martinus

The Romanesque tower of the church was built in the 12th century and it was one of the oldest churches in the Erkelenzer Land. However, it was not mentioned in a document until 1423. The patronage of the church also gives an indication of age, as it is consecrated to St. Martin , the national saint of the Franks . A cemetery was handed down in a document as early as 1300. Unlike in neighboring Otzenrath, the Reformation could not gain a foothold in Borschemich and the place remained predominantly Catholic. Borschemich did not become an independent parish until 1804 ; previously the place had belonged to the Catholic parish of Keyenberg as a branch church . On March 1, 1804, the first Aachen bishop Berdolet issued a decree of the new parish registry, through which Borschemich also became an independent parish. After more than 200 years of independence, the parish of St. Martinus Borschemich was dissolved at the end of December 31, 2008 through a merger with the parish of St. Lambertus Erkelenz . The previous two ecclesiastical bodies, the church council and the parish council, were replaced by the so-called chapel council. The previous parish of St. Martinus Borschemich has therefore been a chapel parish of the parish of St. Lambertus Erkelenz since January 1, 2009 .

Because it had become too small, the church was rebuilt elsewhere in 1906/07 based on a design by the Cologne diocesan master builder Heinrich Renard (1868–1928). In 2016 the church was demolished.

Sisters from the Order of the Cellites from Düren ran a children's home in the village from 1918 to 1981.

Borschemicher "Lourdes Grotto"

In the period since the elevation to an independent parish, the following pastors were active in the village:

  • 1804 to 1837 Simon Schmitz
  • 1837 to 1885 Michael Dapper
  • 1887 to 1893 Sebastian Klein
  • 1893 to 1912 Karl Anton Weisheim
  • 1912 to 1914 Peter Keusen
  • 1914 to 1920 Ferdinand Küppers
  • 1920 to 1947 Johann Josef Aretz
  • 1947 to 1978 Bruno Masch
  • 1979 to 1993 Günter Meis
  • 1993 to 2002 Ulrich Lühring

Population development

Population of Borschemich:

year Ew
1767 350
1817 599
1849 629
1871 679
1895 589
1926 593
1939 615
1961 734
1970 760

Population development due to resettlement

year Ew
2007 518
2008 442
2009 352
2010 247
2011 189
2012 132
2013 088
2014 053
2015 011
Late 2016 024
Dec, 2017 0

Culture and sights

Attractions

Demolition of the St. Martinus church, February 2016
Villagers cut the linden tree
  • The Borschemich linden tree at the entrance to the village (planted in 1689 and felled in 2016)
  • House Borschemich, also called House Paland . The building was a former moated castle , consisting of a bailey and a main house. The trench system used to be fed by the Köhm. Some of the trenches were preserved until it was demolished in December 2015.
  • The parish church of St. Martinus , built in 1906/07, demolished in February 2016
  • Church park between the parish church and the Paland house. In the park there was a " Lourdes Grotto " built in 1921 , a crucifixion group as a grotto on Calvary , a St. Martinus monument from 1936 on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the brotherhood , as well as a memorial, war memorial grotto at the church, built in 1922, redesigned in 1954
  • new St. Martinus figure on the village linden tree
  • St. Joseph's Monastery from 1688, later the youth center of the Aachen diocese, run by the German Scouting Society St. Georg
  • various old crosses on the local roads (crosses Heyers , Dappen, Beeck )
  • old gravestones at the entrance to the cemetery and in the cemetery, stations of the cross in the cemetery
  • old footfalls in the churches
  • Rectory from 1839

societies

  • Carnival society " Rasselbande Borschemich ", founded in 1972
  • Musikverein Borschemich eV, founded in 1926 (currently inactive since March 30, 2007)
  • St. Martinus Schützenbruderschaft Borschemich eV, founded in 1636
  • Church choir Cäcilia , founded in 1848
  • Erkelenz volunteer fire brigade , Borschemich fire fighting group, founded in 1904
  • TUS 09, gymnastics u. Spielverein 09 eV, founded in 1909 (currently dormant)
  • until December 31, 2008: church bodies (church council and parish council ), since January 1, 2009: chapel council
  • Citizens' Advisory Council (relocation of the place through the Garzweiler II opencast mine )
  • Rock'n-Roll-, Boogie-Woogie- and Disco-Fox-Club " Tigerfeet eV " (external association that meets regularly in town)

Regular events

Economy, infrastructure and transport

economy

Statz clothing factories had their origins in Borschemich. Boss Raumgestaltung emerged from a carpenter's workshop more than 100 years ago. Several horticultural companies were on the outskirts. In 2006, three of the former 25 farmers were still working. The stud Arab el Haira operational by 2010 horse breeding of purebred Arabian horses . The Risch Group , which was foundedby Carl Rischin Essen in the 19th century, had a building materials factory with gravel pits .

Infrastructure

  • Erkelenz volunteer fire brigade, Borschemich fire fighting group, founded in 1904
  • Multi-purpose hall Borschemich
  • "Alter Kirchweg" sports field
  • Football ground Von-Paland-Str.
  • Raiffeisenbank Erkelenz eG (branch, former headquarters of Raiffeisenbank from 1894 eG)

traffic

train

The nearest train stations are in Jüchen-Hochneukirch and Mönchengladbach-Herrath , both of which are about 6 kilometers from Borschemich.

bus

The city bus line EK 3 (Erkelenz – Keyenberg) drove to Borschemich.

Streets

The A 61 ran west of Borschemich . The MG-Wanlo junction is located in the north of Borschemich . At the beginning of September 2018, the section of the motorway between the Wanlo junction and the Jackerath motorway triangle was closed and will in future be used by the opencast mine. It will be replaced by the section of the A 46 from Dreieck Wanlo to the Holz motorway junction and the A 44 from Holz to Jackerath.

The street names in Borschemich were: Alter Kirchweg, Am Schwarzen Berg, Glockengasse, Hochneukircher Weg, Im Palandsfeld, Immerather Strasse, Keyenberger Strasse, Linde Borschemich, Marienstiftstrasse, Otzenrather Strasse, Sankt-Martinus-Strasse, Schöffenstrasse, Spenrather Weg, Von-Birsmich- Weg, Von-Paland-Straße.

literature

  • Karl L. Mackes: Erkelenzer Börde and Niersquellgebiet. In: Series of publications by the city of Erkelenz. No. 6, Mönchengladbach 1985.
  • Working group of the Borschemich association boards in connection with the parish of St. Martinus, text creation by Heinrich Goebels: 1100 years Borschemich, 898–1998, history and stories. Published December 10, 1997.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Update of the population on December 31, 2016. (PDF) In: Website of the city of Erkelenz. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017 ; accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Alfred Schuler: An extraordinary Roman burial place near Borschemich. Rhenish excavations Volume 75. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Darmstadt 2017. ISBN 978-3-8053-5112-6
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 307 .
  4. ^ Report of a commission of the local police revision of July 8, 1834 cited. n. Karl L. Mackes: Erkelenzer Börde and Niersquellgebiet. In: Series of publications by the city of Erkelenz. No. 6, Mönchengladbach 1985, p. 423.
  5. ^ Karl L. Mackes: Erkelenzer Börde and Niersquellgebiet. In: Series of publications by the city of Erkelenz. No. 6, Mönchengladbach 1985, p. 86
  6. ↑ Manor demolished for Garzweiler opencast mine . RP Digital GmbH. December 1, 2015. Accessed February 26, 2016.
  7. ^ Andreas Speen: Borschemich: Demolition of the St. Martinus Church. In: RP ONLINE. Retrieved February 15, 2016 .

Web links

Commons : Erkelenz # Borschemich  - album with pictures, videos and audio files