Lövenich

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Lövenich
City of Erkelenz
Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 58 ″  N , 6 ° 19 ′ 22 ″  E
Height : 83 m above sea level NHN
Area : 18.44 km²
Residents : 2764  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 150 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 41812
Area code : 02435
Lövenich (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Lövenich

Location of Lövenich in North Rhine-Westphalia

Lövenich is a district of Erkelenz and is located in the southern part of the city in the Heinsberg district . The district of Düren begins a few kilometers south .

Main road

geography

location

"Mairie de Loevenich" with Bucholzbusch around 1803

Lövenich is located in a valley in the Erkelenzer Börde .

Erkelenz, Tenholt and Bellinghoven are to the north, Katzem to the east, Kleinbouslar to the south -east , Hottorf and Kofferen to the south , the last two places are in the Düren district. Baal to the west belongs to the city of Hückelhoven .

Lövenich also includes the villages of Kleinbouslar and Katzem, as well as the individual farms Gut Haberg, Haberger Hof , Nierhoven, Ophover Mühle, Dingbuchenhof, Hauerhof and Eichhof, the latter two being by Katzem.

geology

A geological fault line , the Lövenicher Sprung, runs underground in an east-west direction . It separates the Erkelenzer Horst from the Erft clod.

Lövenich belongs to the Cologne Bay earthquake area . In the 18th century, Gottfried von Berg mentions a number of earthquakes in his village chronicle, including the earthquake near Düren on February 18, 1756 , one of the strongest known earthquakes in Central Europe.

In the floodplain of the Nysterbach , a number of houses show signs of subsidence damage, caused by the lowering of the groundwater in the nearby Garzweiler open-cast brown coal mine .

The Nysterbach

Coming from Katzem, the Nysterbach flows in an east-west direction through the village and then through a rupture area . The break lies on the edge of the Baaler Riedelland . Affected by the swamp measures from the Hambach and Garzweiler open- cast lignite mines, the quarry is now watered by wells. After the water has flowed through the rupture area, it is called the Baaler Bach and finally flows into the Rur . This lower course lies in the area of ​​the city of Hückelhoven.

Jupiter's column (replica)

history

Place name

In 1033 the place is called luvenich, 1118 Lovenihc, 1230 Lovenich. This place name belongs to the group of pre-German - (i) acum names and goes back to the Gallo- Roman epoch. However , there is no evidence of settlement continuity between the Roman and Frankish times. However, it is known that the area around the Börde was inhabited by Roman farms, the " villae rusticae ". In 1906 a Jupiter column was found in neighboring Klein-Bouslar .

Old mayor's office

Modern times

Lövenich belonged to the Duchy of Jülich for centuries until 1794 . Located in the office of Kaster , Lövenich was the place of jurisdiction for Katzem, Boslar and Gevelsdorf. Under French rule around 1800 Lövenich, Katzem and Kleinbouslar formed a mairie in the canton of Erkelenz.

Until the 1850s, the Buchholzbusch, a large forest south of the village, was around 7.5 kilometers in length from east to west. Since the Middle Ages, it has been used as a community forest by the so-called inheritors of the surrounding villages. Since the year 1470 the bush order regulated the administration of the forest. From 1850 it was cleared and its fertile loess soil was used as a field.

In the 18th century a lot of hops were grown around Lövenich . Therefore the inhabitants were also called "Hoppesäck" (Hopfensack), this designation can be found today in the name of the local carnival society.

In the 19th century, the majority of the population lived from agriculture either full-time or part-time. In addition, the mostly family-run handicrafts in 1861 had 240 employees, including around 40 shoemakers . The name “Klapperstrasse” is reminiscent of the rattling hand looms . In 1887 there were still 37 masters and three women masters working as home weavers before the transition to mechanical weaving for the family business usually meant the end at the end of the century. The region's textile industry also brought new economic impetus to Lövenich. In 1861 the community already had 40 turneries with twice as many employees. The master turner Wilms modernized his business in 1884 with a steam engine . As "Spöllkesdrieher" most of the turners served the need for simple wooden bobbins in the spinning and weaving mills.

Hospital and chapel on the Gasberg

Various fires exacerbated social hardship in the 19th century. On October 2, 1874, almost the entire district on the Gasberg burned down in a short time. Instead of the old half-timbered houses , brick buildings were then rebuilt.

Various charitable foundations dedicated themselves to the local poverty problem in the 19th century. The establishment of the St. Josef Hospital and Orphanage is the result of a foundation administered by the Order of Cellites from Severinstrasse in Cologne. In 1880/81 the imposing brick building and a chapel were built on the Gasberg. The hospital ended in 1968. The order had to withdraw its last nine sisters due to a lack of young people. Today the building is used as a private retirement home.

Military cemetery

In preparation for the Second World War , bunkers were built as part of the west wall at Hötzelenberg. Towards the end of the war, a first aid station was set up in the Lövenich hospital, parish hall and school. American artillery fire reached Lövenich in November 1944 and the village was evacuated. 446 grave sites in the Lövenich military cemetery remind of the last fighting in the area of ​​the Rur front . On February 25, 1945, American troops of the 102nd Infantry Division of the US 9th Army liberated Lövenich from National Socialist rule.

Lövenich has belonged to the city of Erkelenz since January 1, 1972. Before that, the village was an independent mayor's office from 1816 to 1935 . In 1935 the mayor's office was added to the Baal office .

Population development

Population of the (former) community Lövenich with Katzem and Kleinbouslar:

year 1806 1861 1885 1925 1933 1939 1950 1961 1970 2008 2009 2010
Ew. 2043 2941 2514 2784 3001 2728 3052 3271 3275 4219 4177 4161

religion

Catholic parish church of St. Pauli Conversion

The Catholic parish of St. Pauli Conversion also includes Klein-Bouslar. The church was founded before the year 1000. Lövenich is one of the oldest parishes in the area. In 1869 today's three-aisled hall church was completed in the neo-Gothic style and replaced a previous building that went back to the 15th century. On January 1st 2010 the cath. Parish merged with ten other parishes to form the parish of St. Maria and Elisabeth Erkelenz.

The village has had a Catholic and Protestant community since the Reformation . The latter is one of the smallest Protestant communities in the Rhineland in the Jülich church district . Evangelical sermons are said to have taken place in Lövenich as early as 1562. The court church , built in 1684, was built on the outskirts of the village at the time and is hidden behind a residential building (in the courtyard: the origin of the name!), Because the community was only tolerated in the Catholic Duchy of Jülich. The community lived according to the Reformed Confession until the Prussian Union of 1817.

coat of arms

Lövenich coat of arms
Reasons for the coat of arms: A single-tailed lion stands in a black field and carries a church tower. There are three hop umbels around the lion . The lion comes from the coat of arms of the Jülich duchy . The hops are reminiscent of the former cultivation of this plant.

Attractions

Inner courtyard of the evangelical court church
  • Rhine Fire Department Museum : it will be an exhibition area of 1500 more than 800 exhibits  sqm shown
  • Roman Jupiter column: the replica is on the Catholic Church
  • Hofkirche : Evangelical church on Hauptstrasse, was built in 1683 in the backyard. In 1686 the rectory on the street was built. The listed ensemble forms a closed square courtyard. In 1834 a school was added. The baroque pulpit of the church comes from a reformed church in Cologne-Mülheim and was donated in 1842.
  • Parish Church of St. Pauli Conversion: Catholic neo-Gothic church, built in 1869 according to designs by the then master builder of St. Stephan in Vienna , Friedrich von Schmidt . The organ was made by the Aachen organ builder Christian Wendt in 1876 and completely restored in 1995. The grave slab of the knight and pilgrim Arnold von Harff , which is now in the crypt, comes from a previous church .
  • The Antonius Chapel from 1895 is on the main road.

Regular events

Infrastructure

traffic

Landstrasse 366, which connects Erkelenz with Jülich , runs through the village. The L 117 connects Lövenich with Baal and Katzem.

Lövenich is located in the AVV network area . The bus route EK2 of WestVerkehr Erkelenz - Lövenich - Katzem connects Lövenich with Erkelenz and the bus route 495 of BVR Busverkehr Rheinland leads to (Katzem-) Lövenich - Baal - Hückelhoven - Ratheim - Wassenberg .

Furthermore, the signposted Erkelenz cycle path "EK" and long-distance cycle path "R18" lead through the village.

Personalities

  • Arnold von Harff (1471–1505), The knight lived from 1499 on a no longer preserved castle behind today's Gut Nierhoven. He wrote travel reports here about his many years of pilgrimage through Europe and the Orient to Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela . His grave slab is in the crypt of the Catholic parish church. There is a memorial plaque at the entrance.
  • Gottfried von Berg (1712–1786) wrote a chronicle about the village from 1750 to 1776.
  • Johann Simon Piel (1793–1875), the farmer donated his estate to build a hospital in the village.
  • Arno Platzbecker (1894–1956), painter

literature

  • Josef Kahlau: History from Lövenich, Katzem and Kleinbouslar considered. Erkelenz 1990 ( publications of the Heimatverein der Erkelenzer Lande. No. 10).
  • Wilhelm Weisweiler (Ed.): Chronicle of Lövenich 1750–1776. Notes from Gottfried von Berg. Erkelenz History and Antiquity Association, Erkelenz 1923.
  • Hans-Josef Broich, Günter Wild: Evangelical in the Erkelenzer Land. Erkelenz 2003 ( publications of the Heimatverein der Erkelenzer Lande. No. 19).
  • The Christian Wendt organ. Parish Church of St. Pauli Conversion in Erkelenz-Lövenich, 1995 (Festschrift).
  • Hans Frohnhofen: The Cellitinnen in the St. Josefs Hospital Lövenich. In: Local calendar of the Heinsberg district. 1992.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Update of the population on December 31, 2016 (PDF). (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Website of the city of Erkelenz. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017 ; Retrieved January 25, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.erkelenz.de
  2. ↑ Josef Kahlau: History from Lövenich, Katzem and Kleinbouslar considered. P. 43 ff.
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 307 .
  4. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. erkelenz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  5. ↑ Data for 1806, 1861 and 1961 according to Josef Kahlau: History from Lövenich, Katzem and Kleinbouslar considered. Pp. 15, 36

Web links

Commons : Erkelenz # Lövenich Katzem Kleinbouslar  - album with pictures, videos and audio files