Hebraeorum gens

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Hebraeorum gens is a papal bull , promulgated by Pope Pius V on 26 February 1569. This decree ordered the pope the expulsion of all Jews from the territories of the Papal States with the exception of the cities of Rome and Ancona . The wording following the incipit , after which the bull is usually quoted, has been handed down differently:

  • Hebraeorum gens sola quondam a Domino electa ... - The Hebrew people who were once the only people chosen by the Lord ...
  • Hebraeorum gens sola quondam a Deo dilecta ... - The Hebrews once loved by God as the only people ...

The bull was part of the tightened Jewish policy during the Counter-Reformation . With the bull Cum nimis absurdum in 1555 Pope Paul IV decreed that all Jews in the Papal States should live in ghettos . In addition, a number of other discriminatory provisions were made, in particular the obligation to wear a label that identified the Jews as such. The aim was to make social contacts between Jews and Christians more difficult and to urge Jews to convert.

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With the bull, the Pope ordered the expulsion of all Jews from the Papal States, with the exception of those who lived in the ghettos of Rome and Ancona. The decision to evict the Jewish community was justified in the document by its social uselessness and alleged crimes of its members. Called receiving stolen goods , usury , and magical practices diabolical nature as spells and curses.

The deportees were given three months to leave the state. Violators were threatened with confiscation of property and "eternal bondage".

aftermath

Although the instructions were relaxed again by Pope Sixtus V in 1586, they were put into force again in 1593 with the Bull Caeca et Obdurata by Clement VIII.

Web links

literature

  • Kenneth Stow: More than meets the eye; Pius V and the Jews . In: Elias H. Füllenbach , Gianfranco Miletto (ed.): Dominicans and Jews; People, conflicts and perspectives from the 13th to the 20th century (=  sources and research on the history of the Dominican order. New series . No. 14 ). De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-05-004515-3 , pp. 375-394 .
  • Willehad Paul Eckert: High and late Middle Ages . In: Karl Heinrich Rengstorf, Siegfried von Kortzfleisch (Ed.): Church and Synagogue; Handbook on the history of Christians and Jews . tape 1 . Klett, Stuttgart 1968, p. 210-306 .