Caeca et obdurata
Caeca et obdurata [Hebraeorum perfidia] ( lat . The blind and obdurate [perfidy of the Jews] ) is a Papal Bull that Pope Clement VIII. Promulgated on 25 February 1593. With this he arranged for the final expulsion of the Jews from all parts of the Papal States except Rome and Ancona , as well as from Avignon .
The bull repeated the provisions of the Bull Hebraeorum gens Pius' V of 1569 and thus abolished the readmission of Jews by Sixtus V in 1586, who had allowed the Jews to return because their financial services in the pawn shop served the economy.
The Jews now had to leave the Papal States within three months, otherwise they were threatened with confiscation of their property and sentencing to a galley penalty . This mainly affected the Jews who had resettled in the Papal States since 1586, as well as Jews from areas that had only later come under the power of the popes. Above all, this included the city of Bologna , which housed an old Jewish community. The Bolognese Jews evaded to Ferrara and Modena , which were under the rule of the Este family .
literature
- Anna Foà: The Jews of Europe after the Black Death . University of California Press, Berkley 2000, ISBN 0-520-08765-8 .
- Thomas Brechenmacher : The Vatican and the Jews; History of an Unholy Relationship from the 16th Century to the Present . CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 978-3-406-52903-0 .