Heinrich Többen

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Heinrich Többen (born February 17, 1880 in Haselünne ; † July 11, 1951 in Münster ) was a German forensic doctor , forensic psychiatrist and university professor .

Life

The doctor's son Heinrich Többen finished his school career at the grammar school for boys in Meppen with a high school diploma and then studied medicine at the universities of Freiburg, Marburg, Berlin and Halle. In Halle he graduated in 1903 with a state examination and doctoral Dr. med. from. He then worked for a year at the Gelsenkirchen Hygiene Institute. He then worked as a trainee and assistant doctor at the sanatoriums and nursing homes in Göttingen and Münster. From 1908 he practiced as a resident neurologist in Münster and from that year was also a civil servant prison doctor in the Münster penitentiary and lecturer in forensic psychiatry and medicine at the law and political science faculty of the University of Münster. During the First World War , he headed the hospital for nervous diseases and injuries in Münster.

From 1918 Többen was an honorary professor at the University of Münster , where he held the chair for forensic and social medicine from October 1924 and was also director of the institute of the same name. However, he did not qualify for his habilitation until 1930.

During the Weimar Republic, Többen represented socio-political approaches to solving the problem in the Ruhr area, particularly in relation to the fight against housing shortages, alcoholism and unemployment, which he saw as the cause of sexual neglect, moral crimes, prostitution, robbery and theft. His book “Die Jugendverwahrlosung und their combating”, published in 1922, attracted particular attention. In the 1920s he also dealt specifically with the medical aspects of youth welfare, for example, after the Reich Youth Welfare Act came into force, he called for “compulsory and categorical medical diagnostics in the determination of welfare education”. At the first International Congress for Child Psychiatry held in Paris in 1937 , Többen took part as one of twelve delegates from the German Reich .

In addition to his professorship, he also headed the forensic biology research center set up at the Münster prison in 1931, which after the establishment of the forensic biology service at the time of National Socialism was one of the nine forensic biology collection centers set up throughout the Reich for examining and registering prisoners. In 1938 he described forensic biology as the "doctrine of the wrong development of humans into criminal personality as a result of their physical and psychological disposition caused by genotypic causes and the stimulus that promotes this personality alignment".

Before the transfer of power to the National Socialists , Többen belonged to the center . He did not become a member of the NSDAP ; However, he joined the NS-Dozentbund as well as the NSV and became a supporting member of the SS . Intrigues within the faculty because of alleged suspicion of fraud and bribery led to Többen's temporary suspension from the professorship at the end of January 1939. Following Adolf Hitler's pardon , Többen was able to resume his work as a university lecturer in Münster in July 1939, and in March 1940 the criminal proceedings against him were discontinued. In February 1942, the NSDAP Gauleitung Westfalen-Nord judged him as follows: "Politically, he is still against the [National Socialist] movement today, is extremely religiously bound and has a lot of association with the Catholic clergy." As a result, the management of the forensic biological collection point was withdrawn from him. After the end of the war he retired in 1946 .

Többen's research focus was in the forensic-psychiatric area. In the Lexicon on the Persecution of Homosexuals 1933–1945 , Többen's change after 1933 away from socio-hygienic to racial-hygienic approaches is judged as follows: “Even if T [öbbens] did not expose himself politically under the Nazi regime, with his research on the causes of crime and the possibilities of combating them he supported the racial hygiene concept of the Nazi crime policy ”.

Fonts (selection)

  • Contributions to the psychology and psychopathology of the arsonists , Springer, Berlin 1917
  • About war damage to the nervous and mentally ill under esp. d. criminal Sanity, d. Supply and legal capacity , Aschendorff, Münster 1919
  • The youth neglect and its fight , Aschendorff, Münster 1922 (2nd, completely reworked and expanded edition 1927)
  • Short guide to care for psychopaths: A medical guide to § 31 JGG , Caritasverlag, Freiburg i. Br. 1924. In: Wegweiser der Jugendhilfe; H. 5
  • Medical juvenile court assistance , Caritasverlag, Freiburg i. Br. 1924. In: Wegweiser der Jugendhilfe; H. 5
  • On incest , F. Deuticke, Vienna 1925
  • Recent observations on the psychology of criminals sentenced to life imprisonment or pardoned : According to e. in d. Society f. judicial u. Social medicine on September 16, 1925 in Bonn, given lecture, F. Deuticke, Vienna 1927
  • Examination results on killers  : according to e. Lecturer on d. German Ges. F. judicial u. social medicine in September 1930 in Koenigsberg, C. Heymann, Berlin 1932
  • Woman's will to live , Dümmler, Bonn 1947

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , p. 491.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Günter Grau: Lexicon on the persecution of homosexuals 1933–1945. Institutions - People - Areas of Activity , Berlin 2011, p. 299
  3. ^ Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , p. 240.
  4. ^ A b c Friedrich Herber: Forensic medicine under the swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , p. 492.
  5. ↑ Helmut Lambers: How help became social work: The history of social work , Klinkhardt, Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-7815-1741-7 , p. 144
  6. ^ Rolf Castell et al. a .: History of child and adolescent psychiatry in Germany from 1937 to 1961. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-52-546174-7 , p. 533
  7. ↑ Quoted from Jürgen Simon: Kriminalbiologie und Zwangssterilization. Eugenic racism 1920–1945. Waxmann, Münster 2001, ISBN 3-830-91063-0 , p. 171
  8. ↑ Rüdiger Lautmann, Burkhard Jellonnek (Ed.): National Socialist Terror against Homosexuals. Displaced and unpunished , Schöningh, Paderborn 2002, ISBN 3-50674-204-3 , p. 226.
  9. ↑ Quoted from Friedrich Herber: Forensic Medicine under the Swastika. Militzke, Leipzig 2002, ISBN 3-86189-249-9 , pp. 491-492.
  10. ↑ Quoted from Günter Grau: Lexicon on the persecution of homosexuals 1933–1945. Institutions - People - Areas of Activity , Berlin 2011, p. 299
personal data
SURNAME Többen, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forensic psychiatrist, forensic doctor and university lecturer
DATE OF BIRTH February 17, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Haselünne
DATE OF DEATH July 11, 1951
Place of death Muenster