Hermione Weinreb

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Hermine Weinreb , née Herzfelder (* 1862 in Brno ; † October 26, 1922 in Vienna ), was an Austrian reform pedagogue , representative of individual psychology and head of the first children's community, the Wiener Kinderfreunde .

Life

Hermine Weinreb grew up in a middle-class family and enjoyed a good education. She spoke German, French, Italian, English and a little Czech. She wanted to be a teacher, but her parents didn't approve of it. After the death of her husband, she joined the Social Democrats and the child friends. She became chairwoman of the Kinderfreunde Wien- Alsergrund .

In 1912 she set up a day care center for child friends on Alsergrund. In order to befriend the middle-class children of the Alsergrund and the working-class children of Brigittenau , she began to work with the district group of Child Friends on the other side of the Danube Canal.

After the First World War and the collapse of the Danube Monarchy , the War Ministry made vacant military and hospital barracks available that could be converted into hoards and homes. On the initiative of Weinreb, a barrack on the Schafberg was made available for a children's recreation campaign, in which, with the help of the young pedagogue Otto Felix Kanitz , she was able to implement educational goals.

This successful action spurred Weinreb in the project, in the deserted from the Imperial Schonbrunn Palace, a children's home and the Schönbrunn educators school set up. The Viennese vice-mayor Max Winter , who had been Reich Chairman of Kinderfreunde since 1917, succeeded in requisitioning 84 suitable rooms in August 1919. In October the school could start and on November 12, 1919 the official opening of the Kinderfreundeschule Schönbrunn took place, where Weinreb taught and was involved in the educational council. Her teacher Alfred Adler was among the teaching staff.

The hardships of the war years did not leave Hermine Weinreb unscathed, but she nevertheless made sure that food donations were only used for "her children".

In 1925 Kanitz dedicated his book The Proletarian Child in Bourgeois Society to her .

plant

During the children's recreation campaign on the Schafberg , the children's nutrition was a priority. Nevertheless, Weinreb tried, with the help of the young pedagogue Otto Felix Kanitz, also an individual psychologist, to achieve her goal of democratic community education according to Alfred Adler. In 1919 Kanitz had organized a summer recovery campaign for more than a thousand children in the barracks of a former military camp in Gmünd .

The positive results of the educational experiment during the children's recreation campaign encouraged Weinreb in her plan to set up an educator school in which modern principles of education are developed and taught in order to train a new generation of educators.

Hermine Weinreb led her group of children with - for the time - completely new methods that were also used during the Vienna school reform . Instead of authority, coercion and drill, the principles of democratic self-administration and self-determination were in the foreground. Education should lead to community thinking , mutual help , self-determination, political thinking and love of peace . The previous lifestyle should be questioned. Kitsch and trash should be replaced with classical music and good literature, passive sport with physical culture, smoking and alcohol abuse with abstinence and belief in the monarchy with democratic thinking. That was the core of the "Schönbrunn Spirit", which was to form the essence of the new person .

Honors

In 2017, a green space in Hernals was named Hermine-Weinreb-Park .

literature

  • Jakob Bindel (Ed.): The Schönbrunners. Vision, fulfillment, conclusion , 1990.
  • Heinz Weiss: The Pedagogues of the Schönbrunn Circle , 2007.
  • Heinz Weiss, The Red Schönbrunn. The Schönbrunn Circle and the Reformed Education of the Schönbrunn School , 2008.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Die Presse: 100 Years of Individual Psychology
personal data
SURNAME Weinreb, Hermione
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian educator and school reformer
DATE OF BIRTH 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Brno
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1922
Place of death Vienna