shut down
Shutdown (engl. Shutdown ) is called the turn-off process of a computer or an industrial plant, z. B. a power station boiler or nuclear reactor .
process
The shutdown process works through the following steps:
- Check which application programs are running and terminate running programs. The running programs are notified and in turn execute the command Exit .
- Check individual settings of the shutdown process.
- Save all active processes and protocols to the hard drive , remove device drivers and exit the graphical user interface.
- Save user settings
- Unmount filesystem
Most current systems shut down the computer automatically after a successful shutdown, provided that this is supported by the hardware. In the case of PCs , this requires power management , i.e. either APM or ACPI . The power management can also, for. B. in the BIOS setup can be deactivated.
Methods for turning off
The shutdown is usually initiated via the graphical user interface . There is also the option of initiating the shutdown using a system command from the command line (cmd), provided the current user account has the necessary access rights :
- Windows:
shutdown /s /t 0 - Linux:
shutdown -h now - macOS:
shutdown -h now - Solaris:
shutdown -y -g0 -i0 - HP-UX:
shutdown -h -y 0 - AIX:
shutdown -h now - MorphOS:
shutdown - OpenVMS:
@SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN
If the operating system is configured correctly, simply pressing the power switch - if it is not a power switch - also initiates the shutdown process.
Problems
Every now and then it can happen that the system cannot be switched off. The reason for this is usually an active process that cannot be ended. This can be a program that only saves data that is faulty and no longer reacts, or it can be a virus .
Under Windows , the task manager can be called up directly via Strg+ Umschalt+ Esc- or (indirectly) via the so-called " clip handle " - to end the processes. Newer operating systems - here Windows 7 , for example - offer two settings when shutting down if programs are still running: “End the shutdown process” or “Shut down although programs are still running”.
With Unix-like operating systems (such as Linux ) there is also the option of aborting the process in the console using or in a task manager. In the event of problems, you should at least try to manually perform the steps that a shutdown processes using a clamp grip (see magic S-Abf key ) instead of simply disconnecting the computer from the power supply and risking data loss.
kill -9 ProzessID
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christof Windeck: Tips on ACPI configuration. Heise-Verlag , accessed on April 11, 2020 : "Using precisely defined BIOS command calls, the operating system is able, for example, to automatically switch off the PC after it has been shut down."