Hjalmar Mäe

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Hjalmar Mäe (born October 24, 1901 in Tuhala in Harju County , Russian Empire , † April 10, 1978 in Graz , Austria ) was an Estonian politician. During the German occupation in World War II , he collaborated as the head of the Estonian self-government with the National Socialist German Reich .

Life

Hjalmar Mäe attended a high school in Tallinn and then studied philosophy, natural sciences and law in Berlin, Vienna, Innsbruck and Graz , where he received his doctorate in two faculties (physics and law) from 1927-30.

Mäe was a member of the fascist Estonian Association of Freedom Fighters (VAPS). In July 1940 he fled to Germany before the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union and received German citizenship. In May 1941 he traveled from there to Helsinki , where he was one of the founders of the "Estonian Liberation Committee" (Eesti Vabastamise Komitee, EVK). In June 1941 Mäe returned to Berlin.

On the day the Wehrmacht invaded the Soviet Union , he sent a letter to Ribbentrop asking for diplomatic relations between Germany and Estonia to be resumed and for the release of prisoners of war Estonian Red Army soldiers . Mäe was deployed in July 1941 by Franz von Roques , OB-Rück of Army Group North as head of the Estonian administration. On December 5, 1941, Estonia was handed over to the civil administration from the rear army area and was therefore subject to the Reichskommissariat Ostland . There Mäe held the post of Director General for Internal Affairs of the "Estonian Self-Government" from 1941 to 1944. With this department he was also the informal head of the entire “Estonian self-government” and thus had a role similar to Oskars Dankers in Latvia and Petras Kubiliūnas in Lithuania.

Mäe was interned after the war until 1947 and testified as a witness in the Nuremberg trials . He then settled in Austria, worked as a publicist and gave lectures. Among other things, he published the text Three Speeches against Communism at the Federal Center for Homeland Service, today's Federal Center for Civic Education . He later worked as a state employee in Styria until his retirement . In the 1990s, the International Commission of Inquiry set up by the Estonian government declared Mäe to be one of the Estonian chiefs responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity by Estonian police and SS units.

Publications (selection)

  • Hjalmar Mäe: Kuidas kõik teostus: minu mälestusi . Valis-Eesti & EMP, Stockholm 1993. ISBN 91-86116-68-1 . (Biography, new edition by Matrix Kirjastus, Tallinn 2005. ISBN 9949-13-038-7 .)
  • Hjalmar Mäe: I was a witness of a communist revolution . NIZ-Verlag, Bern 1961. (Reprint of a lecture, dating uncertain.)
  • Hjalmar Mae, Stefan C. Stolte and Nikolai Galay: Problems of German Ostpolitik . In: "Writings of the Working Group for Eastern Issues ", Vol. 3, Munich 1958. ISSN  0570-5843
  • Hjalmar Mäe: Three speeches against communism . Bundeszentrale für Heimatdienst, Bonn 1955. (Series of publications by the Bundeszentrale für Heimatdienst, Issue 16. New editions published in 1957 and 1958. ZDB ID 978678-8 )
  • Hjalmar Mäe: Is World War III looming? A political analysis of our time . Karl Trummer, Graz 1955.
  • Hjalmar Mäe: A look into the tactics of Soviet Russia . In: “Schweizer Monatshefte”, Vol. 35 (1955), Issue 2, pp. 88–95. ISSN  0036-7400

literature

  • Karl Heinz Gräfe: From the thunder cross to the swastika. The Baltic States between dictatorship and occupation . Edition Organon, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-931034-11-5 , short biography p. 437.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Seppo Myllyniemi: The reorganization of the Baltic States 1941-1944 . Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, 1973, p. 30.
    Hjalmar Mäe: About the temperature jumps in the Baltic Sea . Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1928. (Dissertation presented at the meeting on January 12, 1928.)
    Hjalmar Mäe: The constitutional law of the peripheral states. In particular the position of the president . University of Graz, 1929.
  2. ^ Udo Kissenkoetter: Gregor Straßer and the NSDAP , Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, Stuttgart 1978, p. 152, ISBN 3-421-01881-2 .
  3. ↑ PA AA, R 105190, 249850, Hjalmar Mäe to Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs Joachim von Ribbentrop, June 22, 1941st
  4. ↑ International Commission investigating Crimes against Humanity in Estonia: Conclusions: PHASE II: The German Occupation of Estonia in 1941–1944  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.historycommission.ee   . Tallinn, 2006.
personal data
SURNAME Mäe, Hjalmar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mae, Hjalmar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Estonian politician and collaborator
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Tuhala , Harju County
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1978
Place of death Graz