Hoffuß

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The Hoffuß is an old Bavarian division of rural properties according to size and profitability for the purpose of tax collection.

history

The division according to the Hoffuß has been traceable since 1445, and was abolished in 1812.

Classification

The division could vary regionally and temporally. In the 18th century, for example, it ranged from the Ganzhof ( 1 ⁄ 1 -hof) via Hube ( 1 ⁄ 2 - or 1 ⁄ 3 -hof), Lehen / Gütl ( 1 ⁄ 4 - or 1 ⁄ 6 -hof) and Bausölde ( 1 ⁄ 8 -Hof) to Leersölde / Leerhäusel ( 1 ⁄ 16 - to 1 ⁄ 64 -Hof). The name of its inhabitant often derives from the Hoffuss, e.g. B. Bauer or Maier (Ganzhof), Huber, mercenary, Gütler, Häusler.

A Hofuss unit consisted of about 36 Juchert farmland of medium quality , meadows and forest in the lowlands ; in principle, however, the courtyard could also be independent of the area. In the Gäuboden , for example, the division was as follows:

Hoffuß Economic area
approx. In daily work 		Name of the owner
1 ⁄ 1 100 and more Bauer or Maier
1 ⁄ 2 50-90 Halbbauer or Huber
1 ⁄ 4 20-45 mercenary
1 ⁄ 8 12-18 Gutler
1 ⁄ 16 4-10 Cottager
1 ⁄ 42 2-3 Empty houses
1 ⁄ 64 <1

In the ore monastery of Salzburg, a distinction was sometimes only made between properties greater than or less than / equal to a Sölde / Viertlacker.

By dividing and merging farms, other fractions could also arise. The Hoffuss was generally known in the village and can also be seen as a social structure.

literature

  • Rainer Beck : Beyond Euclid. Some remarks about the "Hoffuß", the state administration and the rural communities in Bavaria . In: Journal for Bavarian State History . No. 53 . CH Beck, Munich 1990, p. 697-742 ( digitized version ).
  • Reinhard Heydenreuter , Wolfgang Pledl, Konrad Ackermann : Hoffuß . In: From burn-off to Zentgraf. Dictionary of regional history and local research in Bavaria . 3. Edition. Volk Verlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-937200-65-1 , p. 101 .
  • Dietmar Stutzer: The old Bavarian Hoffuß in the historical practice of peasant business appraisal and valuation . In: Journal for Bavarian State History . No. 42 . CH Beck, Munich 1979, p. 285-304 ( digitized version ).
  • FBM Wagner: Hoffuß . In: Churpfalzbayerisch taught-decisives universal law lexicon . II. Part. Pappenheim 1800, p. 792–797 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Franz Valentin Zillner : About house and farm in Salzburg . In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg . tape 33 , 1893, pp. 145–163 , here p. 162 f. ( Digitized version [accessed on February 16, 2018]).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Josef Kiening: Social structure: gentlemen, farmers, dispossessed. In: genealogie-kiening.de. Retrieved February 26, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Peasant life then and now. In: strasskirchen.de. 2009, accessed February 26, 2018 .