Juchart
The Juchart or Jucharte was a measure of area that was used in Switzerland until the early 20th century, and in some agricultural colloquial language to this day. In other German-speaking areas it is called Joch , Jochart, Jauchart, Jauch, Juck or Juckert and corresponds to the southern German daily work ; in relation to tomorrow it lies between its “small” and “large” variants.
The Juchert was also common in the Alemannic southern Baden ; officially the unit was called tomorrow .
Different size
Since land mass was mostly based on estimates of work processes, a Juchart was not always the same size. It depended on the location of the piece of land to be measured.
If a Juchart is defined on the basis of a work carried out in one day, it varies depending on the terrain. In the Central Plateau , the unit for arable land was between 27 and 36 ares , in areas with predominantly cereal crops a Juchart was between 32 and 36 ares, with mainly meadowland 27 to 34 ares.
The hilly and steeper the land, the smaller the Juchart - in viticulture it was only between three and four ares.
The size of a Juchart also strongly depended on local use. Even at a distance of a few kilometers, significant differences could arise between otherwise similarly structured locations. In Kaiserstuhl, for example, a Juchart measured 36.09 ares, in Zurzach only 32.41 ares.
Standardization with the Swiss Concordat of 1835
With the Concordat on a common Swiss system of measures and weights of August 17, 1835, the metric system was introduced in many of the cantons of the then confederation and the old units were reduced to simple proportions. With validity from 1836, the Juchart was set to exactly 36 ares. The Concordat was mainly valid in German-speaking cantons: Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Glarus, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen, Aargau and Thurgau.
In the canton of Vaud, the Juchart adapted to the metric system - called Pose there - comprised 10 fossoriers = 4500 square meters = 45 ares (French) and thus corresponded to 1¼ German-Swiss Juchart .
In southern Baden, too, the Juchart corresponded to 36 ares since the «Wildsch reform» in the early 19th century.
Concept history
The word “Juchart (e)” is related to “yoke” and originally described the area of a piece of land that could be plowed with a yoke of oxen within a day. The terms Tagwan and Mannwerk in Switzerland, Tagwerk in southern Germany, yoke in southern Germany and Austria and acre in English-speaking countries are related .
See also
literature
- Anne-Marie Dubler : Juchart. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Vol. III Col. 8 f., Article Jūchert (e n ) .
- ML Frischknecht: Dimensions and weights in the old Kaiserstuhl . In: Echo - Zeitung for Kaiserstuhl, August 1984, pp. 4–6 (reprinted in: Kaiserstuhl. History and stories. From the estate of Bruno Müller. Pro Kaiserstuhl, Kaiserstuhl 1989, ISBN 3-907553-01-2 , p 178-180).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Baden dictionary , Volume III, p. 23 f., Jauchert article .
- ^ Christian Noback , Friedrich Eduard Noback : Complete paperback of the coin, measure and weight relationships. Volume 1, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1851, p. 463.