Hoplias
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Hoplias malabaricus , the type species of the genus |
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| Gill , 1903 |
Hoplias is a genus of freshwater fish from the predatory tetra family(Erythrinidae).
features
Hoplias species are medium-sized to large predatory tetra. While Hoplias teres only reaches a standard length ( SL ) of 15.3 cm, Hoplias aimara can reach the considerable total length ( TL ) of one meter. In contrast to Erythrinus and Hoplerythrinus , the other two genera of the predatory tetra, the dorsal fin in Hoplias is longer ( fin formula : 3 / 11–15 vs. 3 / 8–9), in a middle longitudinal row on the sides of the body there are more scales (min . 37 vs. 32–37) and there are small fangs on the maxillary (none in Erythrinus and Hoplerythrinus ).
distribution and habitat
The genus is distributed across the river systems throughout South America . Their habitat are rivers such as large and small rivers and waterfalls as well as standing water such as lakes and reservoirs .
use
In various regions of Brazil and other South American countries, many species of the genus are important for domestic and commercial fisheries.
Systematics
Hoplias is divided into three species groups, the H. lacerdae , H. malabaricus and H. macrophthalmus group.
species
- Hoplias aimara ( Valenciennes , 1847)
- Hoplias australis Oyakawa & Mattox , 2009
- Hoplias brasiliensis ( Spix & Agassiz , 1829)
- Hoplias curupira Oyakawa & Mattox , 2009
- Hoplias intermedius ( Günther , 1864)
- Hoplias lacerdae A. Miranda-Ribeiro , 1908
- Hoplias malabaricus ( Bloch , 1794) (Trahira)
- Hoplias mbigua Azpelicueta, Benítez, Aichino & Mendez , 2015
- Hoplias microcephalus (( Agassiz , 1829)
- Hoplias microlepis Günther , 1864)
- Hoplias misionera Rosso et al. , 2016
- Hoplias patana ( Valenciennes , 1847)
- Hoplias teres ( Valenciennes , 1847)
Individual evidence
- ^ Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris: Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. 2003, ISBN 85-7430-361-5 , p. 238.
- ↑ a b c Osvaldo T. Oyakawa; George MT Mattox: Revision of the Neotropical trahiras of the Hoplias lacerdae species-group (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Erythrinidae) with descriptions of two new species. In: Neotropical Ichthyology , Vol. 7 No. 2 Porto Alegre Apr. \ June 2009 ( Online )
- ↑ Günther Sterba : Freshwater fish of the world. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 , p. 148.
- ↑ a b M. de las Mercedes Azpelicueta, Mauricio F. Benítez, Danilo R. Aichino, CM Damián Mendez: A new species of the genus Hoplias (Characiformes, Erythrinidae), a tararira from the lower Paraná River, in Misiones, Argentina. In: Acta zoológica lilloana 59 (1-2): 71–82, 2015 ( online )
Web links
- Hoplias on Fishbase.org (English)