Hu-Guang Huiguan in Chongqing
The Hu-Guang Huiguan in Chongqing ( Chinese 重慶 湖廣會館 / 重庆 湖广会馆 , Pinyin Chóngqìng Hùguǎng Huìguǎn ) are the meeting houses ( Huiguan ) that were built in Chongqing by migrants and merchants from Hunan , Hubei and Guangdong in the 18th and 19th centuries were built and used. They should not be confused with the Hu-Guang Huiguan in Beijing ( 北京 湖廣會館 / 北京 湖广会馆 , Běijīng Hùguǎng Huìguǎn ) or other cities.
Emergence
The Chongqing Hu-Guang Huiguan was created as an immigrant huiguan , a meeting place or meeting place for immigrants.
Towards the end of the Ming and the beginning of the Qing period, the chaos of war, epidemics and natural disasters caused the population of Sichuan to decline sharply. Promoted by political and economic measures, a migration movement began within China, known in Chinese history as “Hu-Guang tian Sichuan” ( 湖廣 填 四川 / 湖广 填 四川 , Hú-Guǎng tián Sìchuān - “the filling up of Sichuan by Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong, Guangxi “), which means" Repopulation of Sichuan by population from Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong, Guangxi ".
Few bad roads led into the mountainous Sichuan Basin . The Yangtze River was therefore the preferred migration route to Sichuan. For this reason, Chongqing, the city located directly on the Yangtze River, was the first and most important point of contact for the immigrants. The city already had more than 2.3 million inhabitants in 1812, 85 percent of whom were migrants.
This also explains the large number of Huiguan that existed in the city. For the year 1892, nine Huiguan are named in Chongqing , representing population groups from 12 of the 18 provinces of what was then China.
In the course of time, a very large Huiguan complex had developed in the area of today's Yuzhong district on the left bank of the Yangtze River , commonly known as " Hu-Guang Huiguan " ( 湖廣會館 / 湖广会馆 , Hùguǎng Huìguǎn ) and from the Migrants and merchants from Hunan, Hubei and Guangdong was used. It consisted of several meeting houses, temples, theaters, courtyards, etc. It was a complex that was unparalleled in its architectural perfection in either Chongqing or Sichuan's provincial capital Chengdu.
Decay
Continuous bombing and fires in the city of Chongqing during the Japanese invasion , civil war , barbarism during the so-called " Cultural Revolution " and improper use of the Huiguan , which was deprived of its function in modern times , led to the gradual decline of the facilities. The unbridled construction boom in the city also threatened to make the facility disappear for good.
restoration
The department of the city administration, which is responsible for the preservation of the cultural heritage, has in close cooperation with the University of Chongqing, the Italian company "ARS Progetti", which has specialized in the restoration of cultural monuments for decades, the World Bank and the "Italian Trust Fund for Culture and Sustainable Development ”and provided for the restoration of the“ Hu-Guang Huiguan ”and its surroundings as well as for its sustainable modern use.
“In the movement of the 21st century - for a return to traditional Chinese culture” - the relics of the Hu-Guang Huiguan are a unique example of the history and culture of the city of Chongqing and should therefore be preserved and included in the redesign of the old part of the city become.
description
The Chongqing " Hu-Guang-Huiguan-Complex " lies on the steep slope of the left bank of the Yangtze, which is inclined at about 30 degrees. Its front points towards the river, at the rear it is bounded by the city wall. The preserved and restored complex consists of several regional Huiguan (meeting houses) - the "Guangdong Gongsuo" ( 廣東 公所 / 广东 公所 , Guǎngdōng Gōngsuǒ ) - named after the Guangdong Province, the "Qi'an Gongsuo" ( 齊安公 所 / 齐安 公所 , Qí'ān Gōngsuǒ ) - named after an old name of the city of Huanggang in the province of Hubei - and the "Yu Wang Gong" ( 禹 王宮 / 禹 王宫 , Yǔ Wáng Gōng ) or "Yu Wang Miao" ( 禹王廟 / 禹 王庙 , Yǔ Wáng Miào ) - a large temple.
All three sub-huiguan are designed as four-sided courtyards ( Siheyuan ). All traditional building methods were used and adapted to the slope. There was an intensive amalgamation of local and foreign style elements. You can observe various traditional roof shapes, pavilions, terraces, multi-storey buildings, attics, halls, walkways and diverse fire protection walls.
In the Huiguan there were work, living and meeting rooms, temples, theaters and teahouses.
Todays use
With today's, predominantly museum use, the history and culture of the Huiguan should be conveyed to the visitors . In addition to the architecture , visitors can watch local operas such as B. enjoy the Sichuan opera ( 川劇 / 川剧 , chuānjù ). A museum gives an insight into the history of migration movements and the lives of migrants. Traditional handicrafts and artifacts are also available for purchase.
Individual evidence
- ↑ 孙晓芬: “清代 前期 的 移民 填 四川”, 四川 大学 出版社 1997 年 2 月 第 1 版 (SUN Xiaofen: Qingdai qianqi de yimintian Sichuan Sichuan daxue chubanshe 1997 nian 2 yue di 1 ban) SUN Xiaofen: Immigration to Sichuan at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty . 1st edition. Sichuan University, Chengdu, February 1997
- ↑ CHEN Jiaqi, ZHONG Gang: Analysis of historical formation of agricultural areas in Sichuan basin and geographical factors . In: Chinese Geographical Science . Volume 7, No. 1, 1997 年 3 月, pp. 30-38, Published by: Science Press, co-published with Springer-Verlag GmbH, 1997
- ↑ 隗 瀛 涛 (主编): “近代 重庆 城市 史” 四川 大学 出版社 1991 年, 第 1 版 (KUI Yingtao (Zhubian): Jindai Chongqing chengshi li Sichuan daxue chubanshe, 1991 nian, di 1 ban) KUI Yingtao (Ed.) : Modern City History of Chongqing . 1st edition. Sichuan University, Chengdu, 1991.
- ↑ a b c http://www.stadtkultur-international.de/pubgui/Long_Bin_ch.pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ "ARS Progetti - Ambiente Risorse Sviluppo Progetti": Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Retrieved March 31, 2017 - arsprogetti.it - Online
- ↑ http : //www.china-entzüge.com/chinareisen-chongqing02.htm ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
